COMMONWEALTH: Architecture and Protocols for Scalable WWW Service

万维网的惊人增长给互联网资源和Web服务器带来了相当大的压力，引发了人们对Web持续生存的众多担忧。高性能Web服务器在缓解这些性能问题方面的成功最终是有限的，除非Web服务被设计为具有内在的可伸缩性。英联邦项目旨在设计、实现和评估可伸缩Web服务的原型体系结构和一组相关协议。托管可伸缩Web服务的联邦体系结构通过(1)在Web站点内紧密耦合的节点上进行并行处理，以及(2)在松散耦合的Web站点之间进行负载分配来实现可伸缩性。英联邦的基本理念是通过使用通用组件来实现丰富的性能，并沿着渐进升级的道路这样做。联邦原型将促进四个主要领域的基础研究：(1)数据放置(缓存、预取和传播协议)；(2)资源管理(调度、负载平衡和接纳控制协议)；(3)网络(路由、分组重定向和连接迁移)；(4)中间件服务(复制和资源发现)。在处理这些问题时，将特别注意高度可变性的问题-在主要调查员以前的工作中-这被证明对基于因特网的系统的设计构成了重大问题。

The phenomenal growth of the World Wide Web is imposing considerable strain on Internet resources and Web servers, prompting numerous concerns about the Web's continued viability. The success of high-performance Web servers in alleviating these performance problems is ultimately limited, unless Web services are designed to be inherently scalable. The Commonwealth project aims to design, implement, and evaluate a prototypical architecture and a set of associated protocols for scalable Web services. The Commonwealth architecture for hosting scalable Web services allows scalability through (1) parallel processing on tightly-coupled nodes within a Web site, and (2) load distribution across loosely-coupled Web sites. Commonwealth's underlying philosophy is to achieve a WEALTH of performance through the use of COMMON components, and to do so along an incremental upgrade path. The Commonwealth protoype will catalyze basic research in four main areas: (1) Data placement (caching, prefetching, and dissemination protocols); (2) Resource management (scheduling, load balancing, and admission control protocols); (3) Networking (routing, packet redirection, and connection migration) and (4) Middleware services (replication and resource discovery). These problems will be addressed with particular attention to the issue of high-variability, which---in previous work by the principal investigators---was shown to pose significant problems for the design of Internet-based systems.