Which Firms are Likely to Join R&D Consortia: The Success of I/UCRC and ERC Recruitment

摘要EEC-9712481 SCARPELLO 美国的技术政策传统上依靠税收优惠和补贴来刺激私人研发投资。 近年来，为了鼓励合作和应对外国技术竞争，1984年通过了《国家合作研究法》（NCRA）。 根据该法案，公司通知联邦贸易委员会和美国司法部，并打算形成一个联合研发协议，可以减少私人反垄断诉讼的风险。 自一九八四年起，研究及发展集团的数目逐渐增加，至一九九二年，共有325个研究及发展集团向律政司提出申请。 大多数工业/大学合作研究中心（I/UCRC）和工程研究中心（ERC）都是由美国国家科学基金会（NSF）赞助的。 国家科学基金会的目标是促进工程、科学和技术研究成果的采用率，并增加非联邦政府在研究和开发方面的投资。 NSF I/UCRC计划现在有52个中心，跨越70多所大学，有700多个参与公司和机构。 I/UCRC/ERC的成功取决于识别，吸引和留住有兴趣资助和参与研究的公司。 该项目将试图查明促使一个公司加入研发联合体的因素，从而有助于确定拟与之接洽的公司。 然而，确保I/UCRC/ERC的成员资格取决于所采取的招聘策略和中心的有效性。

ABSTRACT EEC-9712481 SCARPELLO U.S. technology policy has traditionally relied on tax incentives and subsidies to stimulate private R&D investment. In recent years, in an effort to encourage cooperation and in response to foreign technological rivalry, the National Cooperative Research Act of 1984 (NCRA) was passed. Under this Act, firms that notify the Federal Trade Commission and the U.S. Department of Justice and their intention to form a joint R&D agreement, can reduce the risk of private antitrust litigation. The number of R&D consortia has gradually increased over time since 1984 and by 1992, 325 R&D consortia had filed with the Department of Justice. Most Industry/University Cooperative Research Centers (I/UCRCs) and Engineering research Center (ERCs) arise through sponsorship by the National Science Foundation (NSF). The NSF's goals are to stimulate the rate of adoption of the results of engineering, scientific, and technological research, and to increase the non-federal investment in research and development. The NSF I/UCRC program now has 52 centers, spanning over 70 universities with over 700 participating companies and agencies. The success of the I/UCRCs/ERCs hinge upon identifying, attracting, and retaining firms interested in funding and participating in research. This project will attempt to identify the factors that elicit a firm to join an R&D consortium and so will help in targeting firms to be approached for membership. Securing membership in an I/UCRC/ERC however depends on the recruitment strategies adopted and the perceived effectiveness of the Center.