Integration, exclusion, exception: Discourses of national identity and social self in Chile and Argentina (1780-1950)

该项目研究了智利和阿根廷民族认同话语的出现、巩固和分布。它从双重视角重构和探讨了从殖民地晚期到世纪中期关于国家、国家认同和国家特征的公共辩论。首先，该项目探讨了公众辩论在多大程度上投射了一种（显然）成功的国家身份社会建构的形象，这种形象至今仍影响着两国的政治文化以及相互的看法。第二，我们的目标是将有关智利和阿根廷的全国性辩论视为关于身份定义和归属的公开竞争，以及出于政治动机解释历史的马特尔格朗德。这些身份是如何被中介/分配的？这些民族身份如何与身份形成的其他方面（如种族、宗教、性别和阶级）联系/有助于巩固现有的或正在出现的新关系？现有的研究主要通过对国家象征和纪念文化的描述性描述来探讨国家建设的过程。与此相反，本项目追溯了自世纪初以来在智利和阿根廷进行的民族认同形成的冲突话语线。具体重点是科学的历史和媒体驱动的合法化，支持包容和排斥的过程中，特别是在种族和社会经济上的异质society.The研究探讨这些问题分析数据来源广泛，其中包括行政档案和文件，各种流行的杂志和报纸，散文和小说，科学历史出版物和教科书。本项目采用比较法。该项目以阿根廷和智利为案例研究，考察了它们相互关系的历史。除了智利和阿根廷的发展之间的明显相似之处（领土向南扩张，精英的强烈欧洲中心的亲和力，大规模移民），研究探讨了邻国在多大程度上影响了各自民族自我的形成。在世纪上半叶，智利是一个积极的例子，阿根廷侨民将他们的民族愿望投射到智利，作为一个“坚实的民族国家”的理想。在同一时期，智利的民族自我认知，这是基于一个理想的社会秩序，获得了力量，通过明确的对比与阿根廷及其感知的问题：缺乏政治稳定，独裁，首都和各省之间的争端。

The project examines the emergence, consolidation and distribution of discourses of national identity in Chile and Argentina. Taking a twofold perspective it reconstructs and explores the public debate about the nation, national identity and national characteristics from the (end of) late colonial time (period) until the mid 20th century. First, the project explores in how far the public debate projects an image of (apparently) successful social construction of national identity that to this day affects the political culture in both countries as well as their mutual perception. Second, the aim is to consider respective national debates about chilenidad and argentinidad as open competition about the definition and attribution of identity, and battle ground for politically motivated interpretation of history.What are the social groups promoting different images of identity?How are these identities mediated/distributed?How do these national identities relate/contribute to the consolidation of existing or emergence of new relationships with of other aspects of identity formation (e.g. ethnicity, religion, gender and class)?Existing research approaches the process of nation building predominantly via descriptive accounts of national symbolism and memorial culture. In contrast to this, the present project traces the discursive lines of conflict that characterise the ongoing national identity formation since the early 19th century in Chile and Argentina. Specific focus is on the scientific historical and media driven legitimations that underpin processes of inclusion and exclusion, particularly in ethnically and socioeconomically heterogeneous societies.The research explores these questions analysing data from a broad range of sources, these include administrative files and documents, various popular magazines and newspapers, prose and fiction, scientific historical publications and schoolbooks. The project employs a comparative method. Taking Argentina and Chile as case studies the project examines the history of their mutual relation-ship. Apart from obvious similarities between the Chilean and Argentinean developments (territorial expansion to the south, strong Eurocentric affinities of the elites, mass immigration) the study examines in how far the neighbour countries have influenced the formation of the respective national selves. In the first half of the 19th century, Chile served as a positive example, with Argentinean expatriates projecting their national aspirations onto Chile as the apparent ideal of a "solidly constructed nation-state". During the same time period the Chilean national self-perception, which was based on an ideal of social order, gained strength through the explicit contrast with Argentina and its perceived issues: lack of political stability, caudillismo, disputes between the capital and the provinces.