Collaborative Research: The Demand for Female Labor

拟议的研究将比较对女性劳动力的需求对男性和女性的五个结果的影响：收入，经济福利，职业隔离，劳动力参与和教育。我们的目标是复制过去的，个人层面的，研究的每一个结果，然后添加劳动力市场的因素在以前的研究开发。这种多层次的设计允许检查的上下文影响的宏观层面上的女性劳动力的需求对性别不平等，独立于已知的个人层面的不平等的决定因素。个人层面的数据主要来自收入动态小组研究和人口普查公共使用微观数据样本。将通过全国青年纵向研究对教育成果进行调查。对女性和男性劳动力需求的衡量是根据职业结构向主要是女性（或男性）职业倾斜的程度，这是在1990年人口普查确定的261个大都市地区计算的。这个项目以三种重要的方式促进知识的发展。首先，它对解释性别分层的一个主要宏观理论进行了系统的检验。第二，这是第一次将多层次统计的最新发展全面应用于性别分层研究。最后，它将情境机会和个人层面过程的分析结合在一个设计中。研究结果将不仅对理解性别分层过程产生影响，而且对基于其他社会类别和特征的经济机会差异产生影响。

The proposed research will compare the effects of the demand for female labor on five outcomes for men and women: earnings, economic well-being, occupational segregation, labor force participation, and education. The goal is to replicate past, individual-level, research for each outcome and then add the labor market factors developed in prior research. This multilevel design allows examination of the contextual effect of macro-level demand for female labor on gender inequality, independent of the known individual-level determinants of that inequality. Individual-level data come principally from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics and the Census Public Use Microdata Samples. Educational outcomes will be investigated with the National Longitudinal Study of Youth. Measures of the demand for female and male labor are based on the degree to which the occupational structure is skewed towards predominantly female (or male) occupations, calculated across 261 metropolitan areas defined from the 1990 Census. This project advances knowledge in three important ways. First, it provides a systematic test of a major macro-level theory explaining gender stratification. Second, it is the first comprehensive application of recent developments in multilevel statistics to gender stratification research. Finally, it links the analysis of both situational opportunities and individual-level processes in a single design. Results will have implications not only for understanding gender stratification processes, but also to differences in economic opportunities based upon other social categories and characteristics.