Income Redistribution in a Federal System

SBR-9904103项目摘要本项目研究收入再分配的司法管辖区系统。收入再分配或帮助穷人也受到学者和政策制定者的极大关注。虽然由于大量的研究，人们对一般的收入再分配有了很好的理解，但联邦系统中的再分配有一个突出的特点，对收入再分配的一般分析没有解决。也就是说，贫困的接受者可能会根据联邦系统中不同司法管辖区之间援助水平的差异而流动。因此，在制定再分配政策时，每个管辖区都必须考虑到其再分配政策对各管辖区之间穷人再分配的影响。这一特点使得对联邦体系中再分配的分析变得有趣而复杂。围绕收入再分配的一些问题，在一个司法管辖区的系统进行了探讨。但是，其他重要问题还有待分析，本研究计划将探讨联邦体制下收入再分配的三个相互关联的方面。首先，研究再分配政策的目标对再分配程度的影响。初步结果表明，再分配的程度因福利水平、福利对象人数、福利支出总额等政策目标的不同而有很大差异。第二，私人捐赠在扶贫中发挥了重要作用，在联邦体制下，将私人捐赠纳入收入再分配。每个司法管辖区的政府必须考虑私人捐助者对政策的反应。这种考虑似乎对挤出效应和收入再分配效率产生了显著影响。第三，分析了其他要素的流动性对收入再分配的影响。在一个联邦系统中，不仅贫困的接受者，而且其他资源，特别是资本，都在不同的管辖区之间流动。其他因素的流动性可能会对再分配政策产生重要影响。

SBR-9904103Project AbstractThis project examines income redistribution in a system of jurisdictions. Income redistribution or assisting the poor has received a great deal of attention from scholars and policymakers as well. While income redistribution in general is understood well due to a large body of research, redistribution in a federal system has a prominent feature that a general analysis of income redistribution does not address. That is, the poor recipients may move in response to the difference in the level of assistance between jurisdictions in a federal system. As a result, in making redistributive policies, each jurisdiction must take into account the consequences of its redistributive policy on the reallocation of the poor among jurisdictions. This feature makes the analysis of redistribution in a federal system intriguing and complicated. Some of the issues surrounding income redistribution in a system of jurisdictions have been explored. However, other important issues have yet to be analyzed, and the proposed research project will consider three interrelated aspects of income redistribution in a federal system.First, the project investigates how the extent of redistribution in a jurisdiction depends on the objectives of redistributive policies. Preliminary results have shown that the extent of redistribution varies considerably with the goals of policies such as the level of welfare benefits, the number of welfare recipients, or total welfare expenditures.Second, private donations have played an important role in assisting the poor, and the analysis incorporates private donations into income redistribution in a federal system. The government for each jurisdiction must consider how private donors react to policies. Such consideration appears to significantly affect the crowding-out effect and the efficiency of income redistribution.Third, the project analyzes the effects of mobility of other factors on income redistribution. In a federal system, not only the poor recipients but also other resources, notably capital, move between jurisdictions. The mobility of other factors may turn out to have important implications for redistributive policies.