SBIR Phase I: Carbon Monoxide-Tolerant Anode Catalysts for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells via Combustion Chemical Vapor Deposition

这个小型企业创新研究第一阶段项目致力于开发低负荷/瓦特、耐一氧化碳的贵金属催化剂，用于燃料电池，以重整碳氢化合物中的氢为原料。最近的研究表明，铂：Ru、铂：钼甚至一些三元和四元含铂体系都可以达到下一代汽车(NGV)所需的功率输出和CO容忍度。然而，大多数催化层的制造方法对于大众市场应用来说太昂贵了。此外，现有技术不能提供组合方法所需的短开发占空比和适应性，这是优化复合阳极催化层所需的。燃烧化学气相沉积(CCVD)确实提供了这样一种技术，并已被证明为质子交换膜(PEM)和碳电极上的催化涂层提供了一种低成本的解决方案。CCVD的主要优势是能够在开放的气氛中以有利于生产的方式沉积高质量的薄膜。该工艺使用简单、低成本的设备和相对便宜的前体。为了降低制造成本，并使燃料电池膜电极组件(MEAs)的大规模生产成为必要，开发低负载/瓦特、高性能的CO耐受催化剂是必要的。燃料电池堆组件被认为是成功开发NGV的关键。政府/汽车行业新一代汽车合作伙伴关系(PNGV)已经确定质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)技术在电动汽车应用中具有极大的前景。与传统内燃机相比，在汽车传动系统中采用PEMFC动力技术将有助于实现更好的汽车燃油经济性和减少空气污染物排放的行业目标。只有将PEMFC技术的成本进一步降低到具有竞争力的水平，才能实现这一目标。这些目标的实现将改善空气质量，减少美国对外国石油供应的依赖。从拟议的研发计划中产生的成功的技术成果将为从MCT到各种汽车制造商和燃料电池制造商的直接商业化途径。

This Small Business Innovation Research Phase I project addresses the development of low loading/watt CO-tolerant precious metal catalysts for application in fuel cells operating on hydrogen from reformed hydrocarbons. Recent research indicates that Pt:Ru, Pt:Mo and even some ternary and quartenary Pt-containing systems can achieve the power output and CO tolerance required for next generation vehicle (NGV's). However, most catalyst layer fabrication methods are far too expensive for mass-market applications. Furthermore, existing technologies cannot provide the short development duty cycle and amenability to combinatorial methods that optimization of a composite anode catalyst layer requires. The Combustion Chemical Vapor Deposition (CCVD) does provide such a technology and has been demonstrated to provide a low-cost solution for catalytic coatings onto both proton exchange membranes(PEM) and carbon electrodes. CCVD's primary advantage is the ability to deposit high quality thin films in the open atmosphere in a production friendly manner. The process uses simple, low-cost equipment and relatively inexpensive precursors. Development of low loading/watt, high performance CO tolerant catalysts is necessary to reduce the cost of manufacturing and enable the large volume production of fuel cell membrane-electrode assemblies (MEAs), a fuel cell stack component identified as critical to the successful development of NGV's.The Government/automotive industry Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles (PNGV) has identified proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) technology to be extremely promising for electric vehicle applications. Adoption of PEMFC power technology for automotive drive trains will enable achievement of industry goals for better automotive fuel economy and reduced emission of air pollutants in comparison with conventional internal combustion engines. This goal will be realized only if costs of PEMFC technology can be reduced further to competitive levels. Achievement of these goals will increase air quality and reduce U.S. dependence on foreign oil supplies. Successful technical results arising from the proposed program of R&D will have straightforward commercialization avenue from MCT to a variety of automotive manufacturers and fuel cell producers.