Dynamical and Structural Studies of Liquid Crystal Phases

本项目旨在研究自由悬浮液晶膜的性能和潜力。自由悬浮膜是凝聚态科学中最重要的结构。它们是已知最薄的稳定凝聚相结构，具有任何凝聚相制剂中最大的表面积与体积比，使它们成为研究维度、涨落和界面效应的理想材料。重点将放在：(I)研究倾斜近晶薄膜的极化结构，包括纵向极化(倾斜面上的铁电有序)和横向极化(垂直于倾斜平面的铁电有序)的影响；(Ii)香蕉或弓形分子形成的近晶相的薄膜和细丝的研究；(Iii)2DXY系统中的拓扑缺陷湮没和取向动力学的研究；(Iv)倾斜近晶薄膜中的取向动力学；(V)转移到固体衬底上的薄膜的电子显微镜。此外，还将通过探索近晶的结构和相互作用来研究近晶液晶的结构。在一个新的三维几何结构中的焦点缺陷，并通过研究由双乙烯脂形成的小管的X射线衍射和视频显微镜，追求最近的发现，即小管的形成过程是非手性的。%这个项目中探索的主题将对平板显示器、液晶复合材料和光子带隙结构等新技术产生重大的科学和技术投入。

This project is aimed at the study and potential of freely suspended liquid crystal films. Freely suspended films are structures of fundamental interest in condensed matter science. They are the thinnest known stable condensed phase structures and have the largest surface-to-volume ratio of any condensed phase preparation, making them ideal for studies of dimensionality, fluctuation, and interface effects. The focus will be on (i) studies of the polarization structure of tilted smectic films including effects of longitudinal polarization (ferroelectric ordering in the tilt plane) and transverse polarization (ferroelectric ordering normal to the tilt plane); (ii) investigation of films and filaments of smectic phases formed from banana or bow-shaped molecules; (iii) study of topological defect annihilation and orientational dynamics in 2D XY systems; (iv) orientation dynamics in tilted smectic films; (v) electron microscopy of films transferred to solid substrates. In addition the structure of smectic liquid crystals will also be studied by probing the structure and interactions of smectic. A focal defects in a novel three dimensional geometry, and by investigating the x-ray diffraction and video microscopic of the tubules formed by the diacetylenic lipids, pursuing recent findings that the tubules formed by the diacetylenic lipids, pursuing recent findings that the tubule formation process is achiral.%%%The topics explored in this project will have a significant scientific and technological imput on new technologies such as flat panel display, liquid crystal composites, and photonic band gap structures.