Geographies of Innovation: Silicon Valley and Its Imitators

SES 00-81146 - Stuart W.莱斯利（约翰霍普金斯大学）“创新的地理：硅谷和它的模仿者“这个奖项支持所需的研究，以完成一个电子，基于网络的书，关于区域经济发展的硅谷模式的起源和随后的尝试部署在美国和国外其他地方的这种模式。媒介可能是也可能不是信息，但媒介肯定能强化信息。因此，对于研究硅谷及其模仿者来说，电子书似乎是一种特别合适的格式，不仅是因为制作一本传统的书，尽可能多的图形和摄影材料，因为主题应该是昂贵的，而且因为书的布局可以利用多媒体的方式，强调书中关于空间和互联的重要性。基本的模板将是一张地图，它不仅显示这些地方在哪里以及它们如何相互关联，而且还允许读者在整个帐户中追踪这些相互关联，强调现代电子工业的空间维度。该项目旨在发现区域是否可以像公司一样重塑自己。它提出的问题是，最初旨在促进新地方新产业增长的区域发展模式是否可以适应老地方的老产业，或至少是老产业的振兴。它还问，如果其他模式可能更适合于保持高技术产业的活力，在面临经济成熟或衰退的地区。它考虑了在一个联邦对企业和学术科学支持下降的时代，州政府应该扮演什么角色，如果有的话。因此，它提出了这样一个问题：国家是否应该试图充当经济发展的催化剂，或者通过直接补贴，或者通过支持工业、大学和国家机构之间的新型伙伴关系;或者产业政策是否更好地留给私人，以便个体公司，无论大小，可以自行决定如何最好地利用其研究和开发投资。其他客户通常侧重于区域发展的成功努力，除了新的地方（如三角研究园）外，本研究同样关注那些借鉴了他们认为是硅谷模式的旧工业区，以努力保留和振兴现有的高科技产业，并探索了韩国和台湾等将硅谷模式转化为新习惯用法的地方。除了重新解释硅谷本身，特别注意IBM、贝尔实验室和施乐等大公司的作用外，计划中的电子书还将包括纽约州和新泽西的电子工业;德克萨斯州和俄勒冈州，这些地区已成为硅谷的卫星;韩国和台湾，通过深思熟虑的政府政策以及外国投资和反向人才流失的战略，发展了本土版的硅谷。这些选择不是任意的。他们每个人都代表一个地方，聘请弗雷德里克特曼，公认的“硅谷之父”作为顾问，为他们提供高科技政策。最后，本书将比较后现代生产的典范硅谷和后现代消费的典范拉斯维加斯，两者出人意料地相互依赖。

SES 00-81146 - Stuart W. Leslie (Johns Hopkins University) "Geographies of Innovation: SiliconValley and Its Imitators"This award supports the research required to complete an electronic, web-based book about the origins of the Silicon Valley model of regional economic development and subsequent attempts to deploy this model elsewhere in the United States and abroad. The medium may or may not be the message, but the medium can certainly reinforce the message. Consequently an electronic book seems a particularly appropriate format for a study of Silicon Valley and its imitators, not only because producing a conventional book with as much graphical and photographic material as the subject deserves would be prohibitively expensive, but because the layout of the book can take advantage of multimedia in a way that underscores the book's thesis about the importance of space and interconnection. The essential template will be a map, which not only shows where these places are and how they are interrelated to one another, but which allow the readers to trace those interconnections throughout the account, underscoring the spatial dimensions of the modern electronics industry.This project seeks to discover whether regions, like corporations, can reinvent themselves. It asks if models of regional development originally intended to foster the growth of new industries in new places could be adapted to reinvigorate older, or at least established industries, in old places. It also asks if other models may be more appropriate for maintaining the vitality of high technology industry in regions facing economic maturity or decline. It considers what role, if any, the state should play in an era of declining federal support for corporate and academic science. It thus asks whether the state should attempt to serve as a catalyst for economic development, either by direct subsidy or by supporting new kinds of partnerships between industry, universities, and state agencies; or whether industrial policy better left in private hands, so that individual corporations, large or small, can decide for themselves how best to leverage their research and development investments.Where other accounts have generally focused on successful efforts at regional development in new places (e.g. Research Triangle Park), this study gives equal attention to older industrial regions which have drawn upon what they believed to be the Silicon Valley model in an effort to retain and revitalize existing high technology industries, and explore places such as South Korea and Taiwan which have translated the Silicon Valley model into new idioms. In addition to reinterpreting Silicon Valley itself, with particular attention to the role of large firms such as IBM, Bell Labs, and Xerox, the planned electronic book will include chapters on the electronics industries of New York State and New Jersey; on Texas and Oregon, regions which have become satellites of Silicon Valley; and South Korea and Taiwan, which have, through deliberate government policy and a strategy of foreign investment and reverse brain drain, developed indigenous versions of Silicon Valley. These choices are not arbitrary. Each of them represents a place that hired Frederick Terman, the acknowledged "father of Silicon Valley" as a consultant to advise them on high technology policy. It will conclude with a comparison of Silicon Valley, the exemplar of postmodern production and Las Vegas, the exemplar of postmodern consumption, each unexpectedly dependent on the other.