Morphosyntactic Variation in Picard

这一提议使用了来自皮卡德（Picard）的新的和原始的数据，皮卡德是法国一种鲜为人知的地方语言，旨在发展一种“社会现实主义语言学”。在这项研究中，Vimeu，位于法国索姆省西部的一个地区，被选为调查的重点。在过去五年中，收集了大量的口头和书面资料。语料库的转录是本研究的第一个目标。第二个目标是提供皮卡德的许多语法结构的详细分析。这些分析将使用结合社会语言学方法和生成语法提供的分析工具的方法进行。这种方法将为罗曼语和普通语言学中许多长期存在的问题（例如，代名词的附着，主语重叠，动词否定），贡献了来自进展中的语言变化和语法化过程的关键新数据（例如，指示限定词如何变成定冠词），并解决了有关文献中鲜为人知的结构的新问题（例如，为什么Vimeu Picard有两个主题中性代词？第三和第四个目标涉及变异，包括跨语言和语言内部的变异。比较Vimeu Picard特征与Picard的其他变体、其他高卢罗曼语和法语变体的特征，将有助于更好地理解普遍语法对跨语言变异的限制。最后，语言内部变异的问题将被认为是在两个不同领域的优选理论，即语音变异和形态句法的研究最近的发展。我们的目标是提出一个模型的语法生成变量morphosyntax模式和预测的相对频率使用的语言变体。这个项目将有助于弥合目前存在于社会语言学和正式的语言研究方法之间的差距。

This proposal uses new and original data from Picard, a little-known regional language of France, in an effort to develop a "socially realistic linguistics". For this study, Vimeu, a region located in the western part of the Somme department of France, was selected as a focus of investigation. Over the past five years, an extensive corpus of oral and written data was gathered. Transcription of the corpus constitutes the first objective of this research proposal. The second objective consists in providing detailed analyses of many grammatical constructions of Picard. These analyses will be carried out using an approach which combines a sociolinguistic methodology and the analytical tools provided by generative grammar. This approach will shed new light on many longstanding issues within Romance and general linguistics (e.g., pronominal clitics, subject doubling, verbal negation), contribute crucial new data from language change in progress and grammaticalization processes (e.g., how demonstrative determiners turn into definite articles), and address new questions concerning constructions little known in the literature (e.g., why does Vimeu Picard have two subject neuter pronouns?). The third and fourth objectives concern variation, both crosslinguistic and language-internal. Comparison of Vimeu Picard features with those of other varieties of Picard, other Gallo-Romance languages, and varieties of French will contribute significantly to the search for a better understanding of the limits Universal Grammar imposes on crosslinguistic variation. Finally, the issue of language-internal variation will be considered using recent developments in two different areas of Optimality theory, namely the study of phonological variation and that of morphosyntax. The goal is to propose a model of grammar which generates variable morphosyntactic patterns and predicts relative frequencies of use for linguistic variants. This project will contribute to bridge the gap that currently exists between sociolinguistics and formal approaches to the study of language.