ITR/SI+AP: A Mobile Sensor Web for Polar Ice Sheet Measurements

[00:25 . 20]海平面在上个世纪一直在上升。虽然海平面上升的直接影响可能没有全球气候变化的其他影响那么严重，但其长期后果可能更具破坏性，因为世界上近60%的人口生活在沿海地区。科学家们假设，由于长期的全球气候变化，极地冰盖正在释放过量的水，但没有足够的数据来证实这些理论。了解冰盖、海洋和大气之间的相互作用对于量化冰盖在海平面上升中的作用至关重要。为此目的，该研究项目涉及在开发和部署用于测量关键冰川学参数的智能雷达传感器方面创新性地应用信息技术。雷达仪器将由合成孔径雷达（SAR）组成，可以在双基地或单基地模式下工作。SAR的一个重要应用将是确定基础条件，特别是基础水的存在和分布。基底水润滑了冰/床界面，增强了流动，增加了排入海洋的冰量。SAR的另一个应用将是测量冰的厚度和绘制浅冰和深冰的内层图。近地表内层的信息将用于估计最近的平均积累速率，而较深的层提供了过去积累和流速的历史。一辆履带式车辆和一辆自动雪地摩托将用于测试和演示智能雷达在冰川学调查中的效用。将发展该系统，以便实时收集、处理和分析数据，并结合从存档来源获得的先验资料。实时和存档信息的结合将在车辆上用于选择和生成最佳传感器配置。因此，该项目涉及智能系统、探测雷达和冰盖建模方面的创新研究。此外，它还有一个非常强大的公共宣传和教育计划，其中包括通过万维网近实时的图像广播

0122520GogineniSea level has been rising over the last century. Although the immediate impact of sea level rise may be less severe than other effects of global climate change, the long-term consequences can be much more devastating since nearly 60% of the world population lives in coastal regions. Scientists have postulated that excess water is being released from polar ice sheets due to long-term, global climate change, but there are insufficient data to confirm these theories. Understanding the interactions between the ice sheets, oceans and atmosphere is essential to quantifying the role of ice sheets in sea level rise. Toward that end, this research project involves the innovative application of information technology in the development and deployment of intelligent radar sensors for measuring key glaciological parameters. Radar instrumentation will consist of a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) that can operate in bistatic or monostatic mode. One important application of the SAR will be in the determination of basal conditions, particularly the presence and distribution of basal water. Basal water lubricates the ice/bed interface, enhancing flow, and increasing the amount of ice discharged into the ocean. Another application of the SAR will be to measure ice thickness and map internal layers in both shallow and deep ice. Information on near-surface internal layers will be used to estimate the average, recent accumulation rate, while the deeper layers provide a history of past accumulation and flow rates. A tracked vehicle and an automated snowmobile will be used to test and demonstrate the utility of an intelligent radar in glaciological investigations.The system will be developed to collect, process and analyze data in real time and in conjunction with a priori information derived from archived sources. The combined real time and archived information will be used onboard the vehicles to select and generate an optimum sensor configuration. This project thus involves innovative research in intelligent systems, sounding radars and ice sheet modeling. In addition it has a very strong public outreach and education program, which include near-real-time image broadcasts via the world wide web