Micro Grids with Distributed Generation in an Open Access Environment

该提案是在探索性研究小额赠款（SGER）计划下提交的。分布式发电正在成为电网的重要组成部分。小型发电机组和可再生能源，例如微型涡轮机、风能和太阳能、燃料电池和柴油发电机，提供了在高峰负荷条件下至关重要的资源。这种发电机的可用性还有助于工业、商业或住宅用户避免因电网问题造成的停电。这些分布式发电机需要接入电网，以增加利用的灵活性。在输电接入开放的环境下，小型发电机也可以参与电力市场。在最近的加州能源危机之后，分布式发电或分布式发电引起了更多的关注。分布式发电涉及许多技术和经济问题。发电机组的电压和频率需要调节。为了保证故障设备的隔离，需要设置保护装置，保护功能必须与电网相协调。从供应商的角度来看，也存在经济问题，如市场监测和买卖决策支持。这些与经济相关的工具允许分布式发电能够响应市场需求，从而为电网提供更大的可用资源池。本研究将开发一个智能多主体系统，能够处理微电网控制中心的技术和经济功能。如果每个发电设备和负载都具有与微电网控制代理通信的能力和智能，共同解决技术和经济问题，那么就可以实现多智能体系统对电网的管理。微电网代理（MGA）与发电、负荷和其他控制代理一起管理电网和维护电网安全。探讨与分布式发电及并网相关的微网新现象。本研究还将探讨与微电网相关的新动态现象和保护概念。另一个目标是开发一种智能系统方法，允许微电网通过智能硬件和软件工具运行，而无需与控制中心相关的复杂性和成本。这项探索性研究资助的结果将为对分布式发电的重要和未来领域感兴趣的研究人员提供路线图。这些研究人员可能来自电力工程、电力电子、智能系统、优化、控制和经济学等领域。

This proposal is submitted under the Small Grants for Exploratory Research (SGER) program.Distributed generation is emerging as an important part of the power grid. The smaller generating units and renewable energy, e.g., micro turbines, wind and solar power, fuel cells and diesel generators, provide the resources that are critical at the peak load conditions. The availability of such generators also helps industrial, commercial or residential users avoid power outages caused by problems of the power grid. These distributed generators need to be connected to the grid in order to increase the flexibility of utilization. Small generators can also participate in the electricity market in an environment where the transmission access is open. After the recent energy crisis in California, distributed generation or distributed power has attracted even more attention. Many technical and economic issues are involved in distributed generation. The voltage and frequency of the generating units need to be regulated. Protective devices are needed to ensure that the faulted devices can be isolated and such protective functions must be coordinated with the grid. There are also economic issues from the suppliers' point of view such as market monitoring and decision support for buying and selling. These economics related tools allow the distributed generation to be able to respond to the market needs, leading to a larger pool of available resources for the grid.This study will develop an intelligent multi-agent system that is able to handle the technical and economic functions of a control center for a micro grid. If each generating device and load has the ability and intelligence to communicate with the micro grid control agent and work together to solve technical and economic problems, then the grid can be managed by a multi-agent system. A Micro Grid Agent (MGA) works with generation, load and other control agents to manage the grid and maintain the grid security.New micro grid phenomena related to distributed generation and their integration into the power grid will be explored. This study will also explore the new dynamic phenomena and the protection concepts associated with the micro grids. The other goal is to develop an intelligent system method that allows the micro grid to be operated by intelligent hardware and software tools without the sophistication and costs associated with a control center.The results of this exploratory research grant to serve as a roadmap for researchers interested in the important and futuristic area of distributed generation. These researchers may come from the communities of power engineering, power electronics, and intelligent systems, optimization, control and economics.