International Research Fellowship Program: Marine Reserves and Local Fisheries Replenishment in Papua, New Guinea

国际研究奖学金计划使美国科学家和工程师能够在国外进行三到二十四个月的研究。 该计划的奖项提供了联合研究的机会，以及使用独特或互补的设施，专业知识和国外的实验条件。他还与澳大利亚汤斯维尔的詹姆斯库克大学的杰弗里·P·琼斯博士以及新几内亚巴布亚的Mahonia Na Dari保护和研究中心的马克斯·本杰明先生和香农·塞托先生合作。大多数科学家和管理人员主张建立海洋保护区网络，以帮助重建枯竭的渔业。 保护区重建渔业的一个主要机制是“溢出效应”，即幼鱼和成鱼从保护区迁移到附近的捕鱼区。 虽然有间接证据表明发生了溢出效应，但人们对这一现象的潜在机制知之甚少。 如果我们了解生态和行为因素如何影响溢出，我们就可以预测哪些系统、栖息地和物种最有可能在保护区建立之前表现出溢出。 只有有了这样详细的见解，我们才能有效地设计和管理为帮助重建渔业而建立的海洋保护区。 该项目的目标是记录是否以及在什么情况下发生溢出，确定哪些生态和行为因素与溢出相关，并记录重要食用鱼在短（几天到几个月）和长（几年）时间尺度以及小（100米）和大（公里）空间尺度上的运动模式。 PI将使用声学遥测技术监测四个完全保护的保护区内标记的个体的运动，并通过标记返回和实验诱捕记录外部标记的鱼类运动。 PI预计，增加的运动将与高密度的鱼类，大型鱼类，高捕食者密度，高栖息地的连接性，小珊瑚礁的大小，和生殖season.The珊瑚礁和海洋保护区在金贝湾，巴布亚新几内亚提供了一个理想的系统，研究溢出。

The International Research Fellowship Program enables U.S. scientists and engineers to conduct three to twenty-four months of research abroad. The program's awards provide opportunities for joint research, and the use of unique or complementary facilities, expertise and experimental conditions abroad.This award will support an twenty-four month research fellowship by Dr. Glenn R. Almany to work with Dr. Geoffrey P. Jones at James Cook University in Townsville, Australia, and with Mr. Max Benjamin and Mr. Shannon Seeto at Mahonia Na Dari Conservation and Research Centre in Papua, New Guinea.A majority of scientists and managers advocate a network of marine reserves to help rebuild depleted fisheries. One principal mechanism by which reserves can rebuild fisheries is the "spillover effect", whereby juveniles and adults emigrate from protected reserves to nearby fishing areas. Although there is indirect evidence that spillover occurs, little is known about the underlying mechanisms of this phenomenon. If we understand how ecological and behavioral factors influence spillover, we can predict which systems, habitats, and species are most likely to exhibit spillover before reserves are established. Only with such detailed insight can we effectively design and manage marine reserves established to help rebuild fisheries. The goals of this project are to document whether and under what circumstances spillover occurs, to determine which ecological and behavioral factors are correlated with spillover, and to document movement patterns of important food fishes over short (days to months) and long (years) time scales, and small (100 meters) and large (kilometers) spatial scales. The PI will use acoustic telemetry to monitor the movements of individuals tagged within each of four fully-protected reserves and external tagging to document fish movement via tag returns and experimental trapping. The PI expects that increased movement will correlate with high fish density, large fish size, high predator density, high habitat connectivity, small reef size, and the reproductive season.The coral reefs and marine reserves in Kimbe Bay, Papua New Guinea provide an ideal system in which to study spillover.