RUI: Cultural Models of Gender Relations in the U.S. and Russia

一位文化人类学家和他的俄罗斯同事的这项研究了文化模式，这些模式是标准化的、主体间共享的框架，为人们的生活提供了意义。要研究的模型在婚姻、职业、自我意识、约会和情感方面支配着男女之间的关系。该项目将从美国（纽约市）和俄罗斯（莫斯科）的大都市地区，以及美国（纽约州罗森代尔）和俄罗斯（莫斯科地区多尔戈普鲁德尼）的一个农村城镇中选择样本。研究人群将由8个样本组成，这些样本设计自男性-女性、城市-农村、美国-俄罗斯（即，美国城市男性，美国城市女性，俄罗斯城市男性等）。每个样本将从20名被试中引出与浪漫爱情有关的情感、思想和行为的“自由清单”。然后，通过堆排序，多维缩放和聚类程序来分析这些数据，以得出文化模型的维度。在这一阶段之后，将对每个样本中的五名受访者进行半结构化访谈，以获取有关文化模式如何用于解释个人行为的信息。该项目将描述从数据中推断出的模型，解释被调查者给出的评价性（“好-坏”）解释，展示模型如何用于指导行为以及解释他人的行为，并将美国和俄罗斯模型的差异与两国的一般文化差异联系起来。

This research by a cultural anthropologist and his Russian colleague studies cultural models, which are standardized, inter-subjectively shared frameworks that afford meaning to people's lives. The models to be studied govern relationships between men and women in the context of marriage, career, the sense of self, dating and emotions. The project will select samples from metropolitan areas in the US (New York City) and Russia (Moscow) and from a rural town in the US (Rosendale, NY) and a Russian counterpart (Dolgoprudnyi, Moscow region). The study population will be composed of eight samples designed from the intersecting variables of males-females, urban-rural, US-Russia (i.e., US urban males, US urban females, Russian urban males, etc.). "Free lists" of data on emotions, thoughts and actions related to romantic love will be elicited from 20 informants in each sample. This data will then be analyzed through pile sorts, multidimensional scaling, and a clustering program to derive the dimensions of the cultural model. Following this phase, semi-structured interviews with five respondents from each sample will be carried out to elicit information about how cultural models are used to account for personal behavior. The project will describe the models which are extrapolated from the data, explain the evaluative ("good-bad") interpretations given by informants, show how the models are used to guide behavior as well as to interpret the behavior of others, and relate differences in the US and Russian models to general cultural differences of the two countries.