SGER: The Impact of a Sea Surface Skin Temperature Parameterization on Tropical Convection in Climate System Model (CSM)

pi将开发一种方法来改进耦合海洋-大气模式（特别是社区气候系统模式（CCSM））中海面温度（SST）的规格。问题是，不同的温度传感方法测量不同深度的海洋“表面”温度；卫星约1毫米，原位温度计约1米，漂流器约5米，船舶约5-10米。这些不同的数据被“混合”成一个“整体”海温数据集，以表示1米的海洋温度。但是，在自然界中将海洋和大气耦合在一起的海气通量发生在它们的界面上，而目前的观测技术无法测量界面上的海温。我们能做的最好的是通过红外或微波传感器在几微米深度（“皮肤”温度）或几毫米深度（亚皮肤温度）观察海温。pi将开发一种平差算法，以解释海温体积和海温表皮的差异，从而产生一个海温数据集，可作为CCSM大气模式的下边界条件。如果成功，该项目将改进重要海洋-大气耦合过程的模式表示。超过100名科学家和学生使用CCSM进行他们的研究。此外，CCSM是美国用于国内和国际气候变化预测和评估的两个气候模型之一，因此它为美国和国际能源/环境政策审议提供了相关的科学知识。

The PIs will develop a method to improve the specification of sea surface temperature (SST) in coupled ocean-atmosphere models, specifically for the Community Climate System Model (CCSM). The issue is that various temperature sensing methods measure the ocean "surface" temperature at various depths; satellites at about 1 mm, in situ thermometers about 1 m, drifters about 5 m, and ships about 5-10 m. These disparate data are "blended" into a "bulk" SST data set to represent ocean temperature at 1 m. But, the air-sea fluxes that couple the domains of the ocean and atmosphere in nature occur at their interface and SST at the interface cannot be measured using current observing technologies. The best we can do is observe SST by infrared or microwave sensors at a few microns depth ("skin" temperature) or a few millimeters depth (sub-skin temperature).The PIs will develop an adjustment algorithm to account for the differences in SST bulk and SST skin, to produce an SST data set that can be used as a lower boundary condition in the CCSM atmospheric model.If successful, this project would result in improved model representation of important ocean-atmosphere coupling processes. Over 100 scientists and students use the CCSM to conduct their research. Furthermore, the CCSM is one of two U.S. climate models used in national and international climate change projections and assessments, and it thus provides scientific knowledge relevant for U.S. and international energy/environment policy deliberations.