Biodiversity of bugs (Heteroptera) from the Eocene Messel pit (Germany), from Green River (USA) and from other Paleogene fossil sites, with an analysis of their biogeographic significance

今天昆虫生物多样性的兴起以及新生代昆虫生物多样性演化的一般过程和过程在很大程度上仍然是未知的。这同样适用于许多问题，涉及昆虫的历史生物地理以及气候变化和生物地理多样性模式之间可能的相互关系。本研究以异翅目昆虫(昆虫纲：异翅目)为例，阐明了不同古近纪化石遗址生物多样性的异同。重点将放在始新世异翅目生物多样性的调查上，重点是来自梅塞尔(德国)和格林河(美国)的动物群。还将研究其他早、中期古近纪化石遗址的异翅目动物群，包括埃克菲尔德马尔(德国)、梅纳特(法国)和波罗的海琥珀(俄罗斯及邻近地区)。将讨论与选定的异翅目昆虫群有关的生物地理问题，并将其置于生物地理学历史的更广泛背景下，同时考虑现存的和化石的群。将在现有系统发育的基础上，重建生物地理过程和多样化的可能途径。不同化石遗址的比较将促进解决有关挖掘和偶然性的问题。根据头两年的结果，将决定该项目第三年的行动方针。

The rise of today’s biodiversity of insects and the general course and process of evolution of insect biodiversity during the Cenozoic are still largely unknown. The same applies for many questions concerning the historical biogeography of insects and possible interrelationships between climate change and biogeographic diversity patterns. In this study, heteropteran insects (Insecta: Heteroptera) are taken as a showcase for illuminating differences and similarities of biodiversity in different Paleogene fossil sites. A focus will lie on the investigation of the biodiversity of Eocene Heteroptera, with emphasis on the faunas from Messel (Germany) and Green River (USA). The heteropteran faunas from other early to middle Paleogene fossil sites will also be studied, including the Eckfeld maar (Germany), Menat (France) and Baltic amber (Russia and adjacent regions). Biogeographic questions concerning selected heteropteran groups will be addressed and will be put into a broader context of biogeographic history, considering both extant and fossil groups. Possible pathways of biogeographic processes and diversification will be reconstructed, relying on the base of already existent phylogenies. The comparison of different fossil sites will stimulate addressing issues concerning taphonomy and contingency. Depending on the results of the first two years the course of action for the third year of this project will be decided.