Collaborative Research: Black Migration to the West, 1930-2000

华盛顿大学SES-0317244明尼苏达大学约瑟夫·亚历山大明尼苏达双城大学内部移民在整个二十世纪重塑了非裔美国人口。它使黑人人口的地区分布发生了戏剧性的变化，结束了黑人长期和压倒性地集中在南方的局面。它将以农村和农业为主的人口转变为城市人。因此，它强烈地影响了南方和非南方的种族动态。该项目调查了这一更广泛的人口现象的一个重要但迄今未被研究的方面--从1930年到2000年非裔美国人向西方的移民。该项目的总体目标是更好地了解西方移民是谁，以及他们抵达后的情况。指标将主要依靠1930年至2000年十年一次的人口普查中现有的公共使用微数据样本(Pum)来实现五个主要的实质性目标。首先，建立西部移民概况，包括关于各种社会人口特征的信息(例如，教育/识字、经济地位、城市/农村出身、居住和家庭模式)。第二，进行比较分析，以：(1)确定西部移民与其他地区的移民或非移民的差异程度，以及(2)评估西部移民本身的差异程度。第三，进行时间分析，考察移民概况和群体对比随时间的变化。第四，完成背景分析，考虑到当地地区的特点对移民的影响程度以及他们相对于西方其他群体的处境。第五，研究从西部返回的移民模式，以及它们与来自东北和中西部的返回移民模式有何不同。该项目产生的新数据来源和实质性发现将极大地促进我们对二十世纪非裔美国人大移民和西部黑人人口增长的一个重要方面的理解。它们还将为调查以下理论上重要的问题提供宝贵的证据：区域间移徙；黑人和黑人移民经历的区域差异；西部种族和族裔群体之间的关系；西部黑人聚居区的增长；西部由种族和族裔决定的职业等级；以及群体规模对少数群体成员个人社会经济结果的影响。该项目具有超越其科学贡献的更广泛的影响。研究生将在项目的整个过程中参与其中，为专业发展和人力资本获取提供绝佳的机会。本科生还将能够通过两所大学的独立学习项目获得第一手研究经验，这些项目允许他们在参与实际研究项目的同时获得学分。调查结果将通过在以跨学科为重点的期刊上发表文章和在跨学科会议上发表论文的方式向跨学科受众传播。数据准备活动将通过明尼苏达州人口中心的综合公共利用微数据系列网站创建新的数据来源，供公众传播。

SES-0317247Stewart TolnayUniversity of WashingtonSES-0317254Joseph AlexanderUniversity of Minnesota-Twin Cities Internal migration reshaped the African American population throughout the twentieth century. It produced a dramatic shift in the regional distribution of the black population, ending its long-standing and overwhelming concentration in the South. It turned a predominantly rural and agricultural population into urbanites. And, as a result, it strongly influenced racial dynamics in the South and non-South, alike. The project investigates a significant, but thus far understudied, aspect of this broader demographic phenomenon - African American migration to the West from 1930 through 2000. The general goals for the project are to gain a better understanding of who the western migrants were and how they fared after they arrived. The PIs will rely primarily on existing Public Use Microdata Samples (PUMS) from the decennial censuses for 1930 through 2000 to pursue five major substantive objectives. First, to construct profiles for migrants to the West, including information about a variety of socio-demographic characteristics (e.g., education/literacy, economic status, urban/rural origins, residence, and family patterns). Second, to conduct comparative analyses that: (1) determine the extent to which western migrants differed from migrants to other regions, or from non-migrants, and (2) assess the amount of variation among the western migrants, themselves. Third, to conduct temporal analyses that examine how the migrant profiles, and group contrasts, varied over time. Fourth, to complete contextual analyses that consider the extent to which the characteristics of local areas affected the migrants and their situation relative to other groups within the West. Fifth, to study patterns of return migration from the West, and how they differed from return migration patterns from the Northeast and Midwest. The new data sources and substantive findings resulting from this project will advance, significantly, our understanding of an important aspect of the Great Migration of African Americans during the twentieth century, and the growth of the black population in the West. They will also provide valuable evidence for the investigation of theoretically-important issues related to: interregional migration; regional variation in the experience of blacks and black migrants; relations among racial and ethnic groups in the West; growth of the black ghetto in the West; racially- and ethnically-determined occupational hierarchies in the West; and the effects of group size on individual socioeconomic outcomes for minority group members. The project has broader impacts that transcend its scientific contributions. Graduate students will be involved in the project throughout its duration, offering an excellent opportunity for professional development and human capital acquisition. Undergraduates will also be able to gain first-hand research experience through independent study programs at both institutions that allow them to earn credit while participating in actual research projects. Findings will be disseminated to an interdisciplinary audience through publishing in journals with an interdisciplinary focus and by presenting papers at interdisciplinary conferences. The data preparation activities that will create new data sources for public dissemination through the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series website at the Minnesota Population Center.