Theoretical Studies of Interplanetary Magnetic Fields: Turbulence and Cosmic Rays

这项基于成果的更新计划寻求三年的持续支持，以支持一项基础理论研究和相关的计算机模拟和建模计划，涵盖一系列基本的太阳风特性及其与高能粒子和宇宙射线的相互作用，包括高能太阳和日球层高能粒子以及银河系和反常宇宙射线。太阳对地球的影响有很大一部分是通过行星际等离子体、磁场和高能粒子施加的。对宇宙射线和高能粒子的观测可以用来研究无法直接测量的空间区域的结构和物理参数。许多等离子体过程可以最好地在星际空间进行测试，因此我们可以通过这些研究了解更多关于实验室和天体物理等离子体的知识。这项工作是理解日地物理和空间天气科学的核心。在这个持续的计划中，进行的调查将包括对行星际磁场和等离子体结构的研究，特别强调磁场结构对宇宙线和高能粒子加速、传播和各向异性的影响。然后，这种理解可以用来利用高能粒子观测来探测遥远的、未被探索的太阳大气和太阳风区域。PI之前的工作对太阳高能粒子运输的性质有了重大的新见解，并有望澄清太阳粒子和银河系粒子之间的关系，这是一个以前没有得到足够重视的领域。PI将扩展这项工作，将粒子运动与行星际磁场的结构联系起来。还将研究星际空间中粒子加速的机制以及高能粒子对太阳风动力学的影响。PI将进一步开发用于带电粒子加速的“扩散压缩机制”的实现。这一机制在许多空间物理和天体物理背景下很重要。将加强努力了解完整的三维日光层及其对宇宙线的影响。PI将通过研究磁场变化及其对宇宙线的影响的整个问题，来跟进之前关于宇宙线和磁场中日球层不对称性的工作。这项工作还将产生广泛的影响，因为它支持学生工作，它对了解地球空间环境的相关性和重要性，以及它更广泛的天体物理影响。

This Accomplishment Based Renewal proposal seeks three years of continued support for a program of fundamental theoretical studies and associated computer simulation and modeling, covering a range of basic solar-wind properties and their interactions with energetic particles and cosmic rays, including energetic solar and heliospheric energetic particles and galactic and anomalous cosmic rays.A significant part of solar influences on Earth are exerted through interplanetary plasma, magnetic fields, and energetic particles. Observations of cosmic rays and energetic particles can be used to study the structures and physical parameters in regions of space inaccessible to direct measurement. Many plasma processes can best be tested in interplanetary space, so we can learn much about both laboratory and astrophysical plasmas through these studies. This work is central to understanding the science of solar-terrestrial physics and space weather. In this continuing program, the investigations undertaken would include studies of the structure of the interplanetary magnetic field and plasma, with particular emphasis given to the effect of the field's structure on cosmic ray and energetic particle acceleration, propagation, and anisotropies. This understanding could then be used to probe distant, unexplored regions of the solar atmosphere and solar wind using energetic particle observations. The PI's previous work has led to significant new insights into the nature of the transport of solar energetic particles and promises to clarify the relation between the transport of solar particles and galactic particles, an area which has previously not received sufficient attention. The PI would extend this work to relate particle motions to the structure of the interplanetary magnetic field. Mechanisms of particle acceleration in interplanetary space and the effects of energetic particles on the dynamics of the solar wind would also be studied. The PI would further develop an implementation of the "diffusive compression mechanism" for charged-particle acceleration. This mechanism is important in a number of space physics and astrophysical contexts. Efforts to understand the full three-dimensional heliosphere and its effects on cosmic rays would be strengthened. The PI would follow up on previous work on heliospheric asymmetry in cosmic rays and magnetic fields by studying the whole problem of variations in the magnetic field and their effect on cosmic rays. This work would have a broad impact also through its support of student work, its relevance and importance to the understanding of the Earth's environment in space, and through its wider astrophysical implications.