SP: Collaborative Research: Safari: A Scalable Architecture for Ad Hoc Networking and Services

在短短十多年的时间里，数字信息和互联网几乎在社会的所有部门都发挥了关键作用，包括教育、商业、科学、政府和娱乐。然而，今天的互联网依赖于有线或蜂窝无线基础设施。这种依赖限制了数字通信在世界上所需基础设施在技术和经济上可行的区域的范围；与此同时，它使网络容易受到威胁这种固定基础设施的灾难和攻击。该提案旨在开发技术，以减少数字通信对有线和蜂窝无线基础设施的依赖，从而将其覆盖范围扩大到世界上不发达地区和经济上处于不利地位的社会部分，并提高其对自然灾害、战争行为或物理基础设施遭受恐怖袭击的抵御能力。这项工作利用了两个研究领域之间的协同作用，这两个领域近年来取得了巨大的进展，但迄今为止主要是独立工作：(1)特设网络，(2)分散的、自组织的分布式系统。他们在这些领域都组建了一个专家团队，共同解决网络架构的主要技术挑战，当基础设施可用时，利用基础设施，但不依赖于它：自组织网络层次：将开发一种新的，自组织浮标协议，递归地将网络细分为自适应的，基于邻近的细胞层次。单元层次结构为可伸缩路由提供了基础，并提供了一种低开销、基于邻近的覆盖结构，可用于支持网络服务。来自每个单元浮标节点的周期性广播有效地传播聚合的位置、寻址和路由信息。可扩展的自组织网络路由：基于浮标协议，他们将为移动和固定设备开发一种可扩展到至少数万个节点的自组织网络路由架构。节点只维持少量的路由状态，这是网络大小的对数，以换取稍长的路由长度。节点通过被动收听浮标广播来维持自己的路由状态，使得路由开销很低。协议的每个节点空间和消息需求最多随着网络规模的增长呈对数增长。自组织网络服务：提议者计划开发自组织、鲁棒和安全的网络服务，利用浮标协议的分层覆盖结构。基本的命名、主机配置和网络时间服务将确保在没有固定基础设施服务器提供常规DNS、DHCP和NTP服务的情况下网络的运行。其他自组织服务将在没有服务器基础设施、人工管理、大容量主干或可信实体的情况下提供电子邮件、即时消息、存储和内容分发。我们的方法建立在p2p系统的基础上，但利用浮标协议提供的分层、基于邻近的低开销覆盖结构，提供适合自组织无线环境的解决方案。集成的自组织网络体系结构：提议者计划开发一种网络体系结构，该网络体系结构将集成有线和无线网络、基于基础设施和自组织服务。该体系结构在可用的时间和地点利用现有的基础设施，而不依赖于它的存在。在灾难发生后，该架构将允许剩余的幸存基础设施孤岛与无线、移动组件联合自组织，以恢复和恢复连接和应急网络服务。同样，该架构将允许在发展中国家通过无线自组织通信整合有线基础设施岛屿。这项工作的智力价值包括发展应对这些挑战的科学技术；他们将通过分析、模拟和原型实现的实验评估来评估理论结果、算法和协议；通过出版物、工业合作和学生培训传播研究成果；并分发软件工件，供工业界和研究团体进行评估和使用。这项工作的更广泛影响包括技术的发展，这些技术将大大提高数字网络对物理灾害或攻击的弹性，并将其扩展到社会经济弱势地区和世界上不发达地区。教育影响包括对学生和研究人员的培训，以及向历史上没有参与研究的教育机构伸出援手。

Within little more than a decade, digital information and the Internet have assumed a critical role in virtually all sectors of society, including education, commerce, science, government, and entertainment. However, today's Internet is dependent on wired or cellular wireless infrastructure. This dependence limits the reach of digital communication to regions of the world where the required infrastructure is technically and economically feasible; at the same time, it renders the network vulnerable to disasters and attacks that threaten this fixed infrastructure. This proposal aims to develop technologies to reduce the dependence of digital communication on wired and cellular wireless infrastructure, thus extending its reach into underdeveloped parts of the world and economically disadvantaged part of society and increasing its resilience to natural disasters, acts of war, or terror attacks on its physical infrastructure.The work exploits synergies between two areas of research that have enjoyed dramatic advances in recent years, but have to date mostly worked independently: (1) ad hoc networking, and (2) decentralized, self-organizing distributed systems. They have assembled a team of experts in each of these areas that will jointly tackle the major technical challenges towards a network architecture that exploits infrastructure when it is available but does not depend on it:Self-organizing network hierarchy: Will develop a novel, self-organizing buoy protocol that recursively subdivides the network into an adaptive, proximity-based hierarchy of cells. The cell hierarchy provides the foundation for scalable routing and provides a low-overhead, proximity-based overlay structure that can be used to support network services. Periodic broadcasts from buoy nodes in each cell efficiently disseminate aggregated location, addressing, and routing information. Scalable ad hoc network routing: Based on the buoy protocol, they will develop an ad hoc network routing architecture for mobile and stationary devices that scales to at least tens of thousands of nodes. Nodes maintain only a small amount of routing state that is logarithmic in the size of the network, in exchange for a slightly longer route length. Nodes maintain their routing state passively by listening to buoy broadcasts, which results in very low routing overhead. The per-node space and message requirements of the protocol grow at most logarithmically with the size of the network. Self-organizing network services: The proposers plan to develop self-organizing, robust, and secure network services that exploit the hierarchical overlay structure of the buoy protocol. Basic naming, host configuration and network time services will ensure the operation of the network in the absence of fixed infrastructure servers that provide conventional DNS, DHCP and NTP services. Other self-organizing services will provide email, instant messaging, storage, and content distribution in the absence of a server infrastructure, manual administration, high-capacity backbones or trusted entities. Our approach builds on foundations from p2p systems, but takes advantage of the hierarchical, proximity-based low overhead overlay structure provided by the buoy protocol to provide a solution suitable for ad hoc wireless environments.Integrated ad hoc network architecture: The proposers plan to develop a network architecture that will integrate wired and wire-less networks, infrastructure-based, and self-organizing services. The architecture takes advantage of existing infrastructure when and where available, without depending on its presence. In the wake of a disaster, the architecture will allow remaining islands of surviving infrastructure to self-organize jointly with wireless, mobile components to recover and resume connectivity and emergency network services. Similarly, the architecture will allow the integration of islands of wired infrastructure via wireless ad hoc communication in developing countries.The intellectual merits of this work include the development of the science and technology to meet these challenges; they will evaluate theoretical results, algorithms and protocols through analysis, simulation, and experimental evaluation of prototype implementations; disseminate the results via publications, industrial collaborations, and student training; and to distribute software artifacts for evaluation and use by industry and the research community. The broader impacts of this work include the development of technologies that will substantially increase theresilience of digital networks to physical disasters or attacks and that will extend its reach into economically disadvantaged parts of society and underdeveloped parts of the world. Educational impacts include the training of students and research personnel and outreach to educational institutions not historically involved in research.