The International Cooperative Biodiversity Groups-Drug Discovery, Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Development

这项提案是为了继续支持美国国家科学基金会的一个重要的机构间赠款计划，由美国国立卫生研究院福格蒂国际中心领导。自1993年以来，美国国立卫生研究院、国家科学基金会和美国农业部联合支持国际生物多样性合作组织，通过发现和开发对发展中国家和发达国家重要的疾病的治疗剂，解决生物多样性保护、经济能力和人类健康等相互依存的问题。在获取遗传资源和与东道国利益攸关方和参与者分享惠益方面采取创新和综合办法是整个方案的一个重要组成部分。特别相关的疾病领域和保健需要包括癌症、艾滋病毒/艾滋病及其机会性感染、肺结核、疟疾和其他新出现的疾病、成人和儿童精神障碍、药物滥用以及心血管和肺部疾病。 特别鼓励研究海洋珊瑚礁生物、内生真菌、嗜极端细菌和其他了解甚少的群体的项目。以下跨领域办法指导研究和能力建设努力，以实现这些目标：（a）协助发现和开发药物，满足参与的发展中国家和美国的优先保健需要;（B）协助研究其他以天然产品为基础的材料，如当地使用的植物药;（c）编制本地物种的生物目录，并在相关的情况下，编制本地知识;（d）为实现本方案的研究目标和满足参与国的需要而开展培训;（e）加强东道国的科学基础设施。ICBG计划的更广泛影响是其设计和执行的核心。 除了通过传统的学术渠道传播科学成果外，这些项目还广泛接触东道国支持研究、保护和教育的组织以及制定获取遗传资源政策的组织。 对发展中国家科学家进行研究培训是每个项目的必要组成部分，在互联网上公布养护公园的植物群和动物群数据也是必要组成部分。 最后，这些项目的一个中心目标是确定将被开发成治疗全球重要疾病的药物的分子。

This proposal is for continued NSF support for an important interagency grants program led by the Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Health. The National Institutes of Health, the National Science Foundation and the U.S. Department of Agriculture have, since 1993, jointly supported International Cooperative Biodiversity Groups to address the interdependent issues of biodiversity conservation, economic capacity, and human health through discovery and development of therapeutic agents for diseases of importance in developing countries as well as those important to developed countries. Innovative and integrated approaches to access to genetic resources and benefit-sharing with host country stakeholders and participants is an important component of the overall program. Particularly relevant disease areas and health needs include cancer, HIV-AIDS and its opportunistic infections, tuberculosis, malaria, and other emerging diseases, mental disorders of adults and children, drug abuse and cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. Projects that work on marine coral reef organisms, endophytic fungi, extremophilic bacteria and other poorly understood groups are particularly encouraged. The following cross-cutting approaches guide the research and capacity-building efforts toward these goals: a) assisting with the discovery and development of drugs that address priority health needs of the participating developing country(ies) and of the United States; b) assisting with research on other natural products-based materials, such as locally used botanical medicines; c) developing biological inventories of native species and, where relevant, indigenous knowledge; d) training targeted toward achieving the research goals of this program and meeting the needs of the participating country; and, e) enhancing the scientific infrastructure within the host country. The broader impacts of the ICBG program are central to its design and execution. In addition to dissemination of the scientific results in traditional academic channels, the projects engage in extensive outreach to host country organizations that support research, conservation and education and those that make policy on access to genetic resources. Research training of developing country scientists is a required component of each project, as is the Internet posting of flora and fauna data from conservation parks. Finally, a central goal of the projects is the identification of molecules that will be developed into drugs to treat globally important diseases.