Structure and Solubility of H2O and Silicate in Silicate Melts and Aqueous Fluids in the Earth's Deep Crust and Upper Mantle

地球和类地行星中的能量和质量传递过程包括高温和高压下的熔化、结晶、水化和脱水。这些过程控制着汇聚板块边界附近的材料循环，支配着岩石圈的破坏和创造，往往是火山和地震灾害的罪魁祸首，并对地球上经济和能源资源的分配和可获得性产生影响。富含水的岩浆液体(硅酸盐熔体)和富含硅酸盐的水溶液在这些过程中起着核心作用。为了描述这些过程，将获得硅酸盐和H2O在水溶液和硅酸盐熔体中的溶解度的实验数据，确定它们的结构(在高压和高温下就地测定)，并模拟富含硅酸盐的水溶液和含水硅酸盐熔体的溶解行为和物理化学性质，以对应于地球深部地壳和上地幔的组成、温度和压力。溶解度和结构数据将作为(I)简单金属氧化物-二氧化硅-水体系中的碱金属/硅和碱土/硅，(Ii)铝硅酸盐熔体中的Al/(Al+Si)，以及(Iii)二元金属氧化物硅酸盐、三元和第四元金属氧化物铝硅酸盐体系中金属阳离子(K、Na、Ca、Fe和Mg)在地壳深部和上地幔的压力和温度范围内的类型和比例的函数而获得。拟议的研究计划是更广泛的研究工作的组成部分，该研究工作的重点是水对地球和类地行星中岩石形成过程的影响。除了应用于地球和类地行星的质量和能量传输过程的研究外，预测的实验信息也适用于玻璃、陶瓷以及固体和核废料行业，因为溶解在硅酸盐熔体和玻璃中的H2O控制着耐久性、密度、结晶行为、膨胀性和压缩性、元素扩散以及相关的传输特性。含水流体和含废料玻璃之间的相互作用取决于相同的熔体和玻璃性质。

Energy and mass transfer processes in the Earth and terrestrial planets involve melting, crystallization, hydration, and dehydration at high temperature and pressure. These processes control materials recycling near convergent plate boundaries, govern lithosphere destruction and creation, often are responsible for volcanic and seismic hazards, and impact on distribution and availability of economic and energy resources in the Earth. Water-rich magmatic liquids (silicate melts) and silicate-rich aqueous fluids play central roles in these processes. In order to characterize these processes, experimental data will be obtained of silicate and H2O solubility in aqueous fluids and silicate melts, determination of their structure (in-situ while at high pressure and temperature), and modeling of solubility behavior in and physicochemical properties of silicate-rich aqueous fluids and hydrous silicate melts for compositions, temperatures, and pressures corresponding the Earth's deep crust and upper mantle. The solubility and structure data will be acquired as a function of (i) alkali metal/Si and alkaline earth/Si in simple metal oxide-silica-H2O systems, (ii) Al/(Al+Si) of aluminosilicate melts, and (iii) and the type and proportion of metal cations (K, Na, Ca, Fe, and Mg) in binary metal oxide silicate, and ternary and quaternary metal oxide aluminosilicate systems in the pressure and temperature regime of the deep crust and the upper mantle of the Earth. The proposed research program is an integral part of a broader research effort that is focused on the influence of H2O on rock-forming processes in the Earth and terrestrial planets. In addition to the application of the research to mass and energy transfer processes in the Earth and terrestrial planets, the projected experimental information also has application to the glass, ceramics, and solid and nuclear waste industry because H2O dissolved in silicate melt and glass govern properties such as durability, density, crystallization behavior, expansivity and compressibility, element diffusion, and related transport properties. Interaction between aqueous fluids and waste-containing glass depends on the same melt and glass properties.