A Clearinghouse on Natural Hazards Research and Applications

【摘要】美国科罗拉多大学博尔德分校自然灾害研究与应用信息中心（NHRAIC/Center）成立于1976年，致力于加强灾害研究人员与政策制定者和实践者等研究使用者之间的沟通。NHRAIC隶属于科罗拉多大学博尔德行为科学研究所，通过四项主要活动来完成其工作：信息传播，年度研讨会，图书馆和信息服务，以及赞助和开展研究。该中心的目标是促进知识转移，改善灾害缓解和应急管理计划和实践。中心的主要目标包括：(1)收集和分享与减灾、备灾、救灾和恢复有关的研究和经验；(2)发展网络和伙伴关系，促进减少灾害损失的能力建设和最佳做法；(3)对极端事件进行原创性研究。除了美国国家科学基金会的资助外，该中心还得到了一些机构的支持，包括联邦应急管理局、美国国家海洋和大气管理局和国家气象局、美国国家航空航天局、美国陆军工程兵团、疾病预防控制中心、美国林务局和相关的私营部门组织。四分之一个多世纪以来，在促进减少损失利益攸关方之间的沟通和知识转移方面，NHRAIC已成为国家和全球灾害界的中心舞台。通过各种活动，国家减灾中心倡导可持续的减少灾害、跨学科的伙伴关系以及对极端事件采取全危害管理方法。通过其快速反应计划，国家减灾中心为实地工作和易腐灾害相关数据的收集提供资金。该中心广泛出版的系列出版物包括《超越9·11：灾后研究报告》（2003年），汇编了9·11恐怖袭击后进行的快速反应研究。中心的通讯《自然灾害观察家》每年出版六次，有硬拷贝和电子形式。NHRAIC网站http://www.colorado.edu/hazards是极端事件领域使用最广泛的信息门户网站之一。该中心与美国土木工程师协会共同主办了跨学科期刊《自然灾害》。中心的其他重要产品包括前NHRAIC主任丹尼斯·米莱蒂的《设计灾难》，以及作为中心指导的《自然灾害研究第二次评估》的一部分而出版的其他书籍和出版物。第二次评估产生了一套五卷本的书籍，由约瑟夫·亨利出版社出版，总结了危险保险、减轻危险的土地利用规划、备灾和救灾以及危险脆弱性的空间维度等领域的知识状况。该中心还积极处理跨学科危害教育课程开发等问题。在NSF和公共实体风险研究所的资助下，NHRAIC还为从事极端事件研究的学生提供论文充实奖学金。

ABSTRACTThe Natural Hazards Research and Applications Information Center at the University of Colorado at Boulder (NHRAIC/Center), founded in 1976, works to strengthen communication between researchers who study hazards and disasters and users of research, including policymakers and practitioners. NHRAIC, which is affiliated with the CU-Boulder Institute of Behavioral Science, accomplishes its work through four major activities: information dissemination, an annual workshop, library and information services, and the sponsorship and conduct of research. The Center's goal is to facilitate knowledge transfer and improve hazard mitigation and emergency management programs and practices. Key Center objectives include (1) the collection and sharing of research and experience related to disaster mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery; (2) the development of networks and partnerships that foster capacity building and best practices for disaster loss reduction; and (3) the conduct of original research on extreme events. In addition to funding from NSF, the Center receives support from a consortium of agencies, including FEMA, NOAA and the National Weather Service, NASA, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, CDC, the U.S. Forest Service, and related private sector organizations. More than a quarter century of facilitating communication and knowledge transfer among loss-reduction stakeholders has placed the NHRAIC center stage in the national and global hazards communities. Through its varied activities, the NHRAIC advocates for sustainable hazard reduction, interdisciplinary partnerships, and an all-hazards approach to the management of extreme events. Through its Quick Response program, the NHRAIC makes funds available for field work and the collection of perishable disaster-related data. The Center's extensive publication series includes Beyond September 11: An Account of Post-Disaster Research (2003), a compilation of quick-response research conducted after the 9-11 terrorist attacks.The Center's newsletter, the Natural Hazards Observer, is published six times a year and is available in hard copy and electronic form. The NHRAIC web site, http://www.colorado.edu/hazards, is among the most widely used information portals in the field of extreme events. With the American Society of Civil Engineers, the Center co-sponsors the interdisciplinary journal, the Natural Hazards. Other important Center products include Disasters by Design, by former NHRAIC director Dennis Mileti, as well as other books and publications produced as part of the Center-directed "Second Assessment of Research on Natural Hazards." The second assessment, which produced a five-volume set of books published by the Joseph Henry Press, summarizes the state of knowledge in fields such as hazard insurance, land use planning for hazard mitigation, disaster preparedness and response, and the spatial dimensions of hazard vulnerability. The Center is also active on issues such as curriculum development for interdisciplinary hazards education. With funding from NSF and the Public Entity Risk Institute, the NHRAIC also offers dissertation enrichment fellowships for students engaged in research on extreme events.