Energies of Mineral, Rock, and Magma Processes

这项研究的目的是（1）在热力学基础上预测各种成岩矿物的稳定性条件，（2）发现矿物行为的基本原理，（3）了解各种地质过程如何利用地球的热收支。针对这些目标，将对沸石矿物进行多溶液量热研究，以研究这些矿物中化学取代和有序-无序的能量效应。还将对磷灰石中氯氟取代的能量效应进行研究。溶液量热测量将在含水安山质和haplogranitic玻璃，以测量组成的影响H2O和碱混合能量，以及聚合作用对H2O-硅酸盐混合在岩浆中，这项工作是有关的驱逐H2O在火山爆发。还将检查高压铝硅酸钠组合物以探索玻璃/液体结构的能量学。几个关于矿物热膨胀的项目，专门为大学生参与设计，将通过高温X射线测量来完成。这些项目将为了解矿物在地球深处的行为提供关键信息。该溶液量热实验室的主要作用是收集地质重要材料的基本热力学数据。在某些情况下，数据适用于通过其他类型的实验无法获得的条件。研究项目的选择是基于工艺，而不仅仅是材料本身。该实验室是美国独一无二的研究机构，致力于通过同行评审文章和专业会议上的演讲传播研究成果。它还通过与其他个人和实验室的合作关系为科学界服务。除了要进行的研究的科学价值之外，专门为本科生参与开发的项目是值得的，因为它们教会学生如何进行研究以及为什么结果很重要。参与研究对学生留在科学领域也很重要。

The goals of this research are to (1) predict on a thermodynamic basis the conditions of stability of various rock forming minerals, (2) discover fundamental principles of mineral behavior, and (3) learn how various geologic processes utilize the heat budget of the earth. Pertinent to these aims, multiple solution calorimetric studies will be conducted on zeolite minerals to examine the energetic effects of chemical substitution and order-disorder in these minerals. Research also will be conducted on the energetic effects of chlorine-fluorine substitution in apatite. Solution calorimetric measurements will be made on hydrous andesitic and haplogranitic glasses in order to measure compositional effects on H2O and alkali mixing energetics, as well as the effects of polymerization on H2O-silicate mixing in magmas; this work is pertinent to the expulsion of H2O during volcanic eruptions. High-pressure sodium aluminosilicate compositions also will be examined to explore the energetics of glass/liquid structure. Several projects on the thermal expansion of minerals, designed specifically for undergraduate participation, will be accomplished through high-temperature X-ray measurements. These projects will give information critical to understanding how minerals behave at depth in the earth.The principal role of this solution calorimetry laboratory is the collection of fundamental thermodynamic data on geologically important materials. In some cases data apply to conditions that are otherwise inaccessible through other types of experimentation. Research projects have been chosen on the basis of processes, not just the materials themselves. This laboratory constitutes a unique research facility in the United States and is committed to disseminate results through peer reviewed articles and presentations at professional meetings. It also serves the scientific community through cooperative relationships with other individuals and laboratories.Beyond the scientific value of the studies to be undertaken, projects developed specifically for undergraduate participation are worthwhile because they teach students how research is conducted and why the results are important. Research involvement also is important to the retention of students in science.