Development by the Consortium for Advanced Radiation Sources of a New X-Ray Beamline for High Pressure and Interface Earth Science Research at the GeoSoilEnviroCARS APS Sector

0421076EngGeoSoilEnviroCARS(GSECARS)是阿贡国家实验室先进光子源(APS)利用同步辐射进行地球科学前沿研究的国家用户设施。GSECARS为整个地球科学界提供了从这第三代同步辐射光源获得高亮度硬X射线的途径。在该设施进行的研究正在推动我们对地球材料的组成、结构和性质、它们所控制的过程以及生产它们的过程的了解。在这种支持下，我们将在我们的弯曲磁铁光束线(13BM)上设计、建造和调试一个新的双聚焦、单色X射线侧站。这将使GSECARS的运行实验站总数达到四个，所有这些实验站都为地球科学界服务，并将有助于满足我们当前和未来用户对束流时间的需求。这条新的光束线将在两个主要领域提供研究机会：(1)通过使用钻石砧座(DAC)衍射来研究地球材料在极端压力和温度条件下的性质，以及(2)通过使用表面和界面散射来研究矿物-水界面的性质。在这条新的光束线上进行的研究将：(1)扩大我们对矿物表面的结构、在与水反应过程中如何对这些表面进行改性以及微生物在控制这些表面上的污染物的组成和稳定方面的作用的了解；(2)提高我们对地球深处的化学和物理性质的了解，包括地幔矿物和核合金的相变细节以及核形成的动力学；(3)先进的X射线仪器和光学技术。GSECARS为科学家和学生提供访问最先进的分析仪器的途径。我们以会议和研讨会的形式积极参与，成功地吸引了同步加速器分析技术方面的新手地球科学家，并提供了学生实习机会，包括芝加哥地区代表性不足的高中生。我们的科学工作人员与新的研究人员密切合作，教授X射线理论，并提供测量方法和数据分析方面的培训，从而提高地球科学界的技术和科学能力。因此，这个新的站将提高现有的和新的科学家的教育经验，并导致直接的知识转移，以提高国家研究基础设施的质量。此外，在这个新设施进行的研究将在解决人类福利问题方面产生社会益处，例如修复我们土壤和含水层中的毒素，并有助于我们对地震发生机制的了解。

0421076EngGeoSoilEnviroCARS (GSECARS) is a national user facility for frontier research in the earth sciences using synchrotron radiation at the Advanced Photon Source (APS), Argonne National Laboratory. GSECARS provides access for the entire earth science community to the high-brilliance hard x-rays from this third-generation synchrotron light source. The research conducted at this facility is advancing our knowledge of the composition, structure and properties of earth materials, the processes they control and the processes that produce them. With this support we will design, construct and commission a new doubly-focused, monochromatic x-ray side station on our bending magnet beamline (13BM). This will bring to four the total number of operating experimental stations at GSECARS, all serving the earth science community, and will help to meet the demand for beam time by our current and prospective users. This new beamline will provide research opportunities in two principal areas: (1) Properties of earth materials under extreme conditions of pressure and temperature through the use of diamond anvil cell (DAC) diffraction, and (2) Properties of mineral-water interfaces through the use of surface and interface scattering. The research conducted at this new beamline will: (1) expand our understanding of the structures of mineral surfaces, how these surfaces are modified during reactions with water, and the role of micro-organisms in controlling composition and stabilization of contaminants on these surfaces, (2) improve our knowledge of the chemical and physical properties of the deep Earth, including details of phase transitions of mantle minerals and core alloys and dynamics of core formation, and (3) advance technologies for x-ray instrumentation and optics. GSECARS provides scientists and students access to state-of-the-art analytical instrumentation. We are involved in active outreach in the form of meetings and workshops and are successful in attracting earth scientists who are novices in synchrotron-based analytical techniques as well as providing student internship opportunities including underrepresented Chicago area high school students. Our scientific staff works closely with new investigators teaching x-ray theory and providing training in measurement methods and data analysis, thereby advancing the technical and scientific capabilities of the earth science community. Thus, this new station will enhance the educational experience of established, as well as new, scientists and result in direct knowledge transfer to advance the quality of the nation's research infrastructure. In addition, the research conducted at this new facility will have societal benefit in addressing human welfare issues, such as remediation of toxins in our soils and aquifers, and aiding in our understanding of earthquake generation mechanisms.