Climate Variability and Its Impacts on Hydrology of Small Mid-Continent Lakes and Wetlands

0440007 Schwartz这探索了卫星雷达测高在大面积湖泊/湿地系统分析和观测中的新应用。来自各种卫星（TOPEX/Poseidon（TP），Jason，IceSat，Jason-1，GFO和Envisat）和航天飞机任务的数据为北美草原坑洼地区（PPR）和部分北方森林地区（BFR）的湖泊和湿地的水文调查提供了新的信息。降水的季节性和年际显著变化导致地表沃茨发生巨大变化，在干旱和洪水之间循环。这项研究将依赖于我们开发的方法，使用IceSat和SRTM数据在小湖泊的测量阶段和新的方法，涉及TP/Jason-1和类似的测高数据。一旦这些方法得到充分发展，它们将被用来研究湖泊和湿地如何在区域基础上对气候变化作出反应。该研究强调了过去16年来从干旱到洪水的转变。1988-92年的干旱严重程度仅次于20世纪30年代的沙尘暴。世纪最显著的湿润期发生在1990年代中后期。这种气候的变化导致了湖泊和湿地的数量和规模的巨大变化。幸运的是，来自TP和早期高度计的数据的历史记录跨越了这一时期的大部分时间。PPR和BF南部地区都经历了极端的气候变化，干旱经常发生。有迹象表明，这两个区域在下一个世纪将对全球气候变化十分敏感。气候变化的幅度可能会使水文和生态过程（特别是火灾、虫害和养鸭）的分布和功能超出正常范围。水文和生态系统功能的这种变化有可能释放碳，进一步增加大气中的二氧化碳浓度。教育部分将侧重于五年级的科学素养。我们计划开发湿地作为一种工具，以提高科学阅读素养的技能，科学内容和过程在5年级。重点将放在阅读上，旨在开发适当的词汇，并理解非小说写作的结构和格式。我们的方针是以湿地生态为重点，发展一个互动网站。学生将与科学写作（报告，比较/对比，总结）中使用的不同的非小说写作风格的有趣的例子，这是适合五年级的学生。这个网站也将强调跨课程的倡议与小说故事，建立在湿地的主题。

0440007SchwartzThis explores new applications of satellite radar altimetry in the analysis and observation of lake/wetland systems over large areas. Data from various satellite (TOPEX/Poseidon (TP), Jason, IceSat, Jason-1, GFO and Envisat) and shuttle missions provide new information for hydrologic investigations of lakes and wetlands of the Prairie Pothole region (PPR) and portions of the Boreal Forest region (BFR) of North America The combined regions contain millions of lakes and wetlands of all sizes. Significant variability in precipitation both seasonally and interannually causes tremendous variation in the occurrence of surface waters, cycling between drought and deluge. The study will rely on methods we have developed using IceSat and SRTM data in measuring stages on small lakes and new approaches involving TP/Jason-1 and similar altimetry data. Once these approaches are fully developed they will be used to examine how lakes and wetlands respond to climatic variability on a regional basis. The study emphasizes the transition from drought to deluge over the last 16 years. The droughts of 1988-92 were second in severity only to the dust bowl years of the 1930s. The most significant wet period of the century occurred in the middle to late 1990s. This variability in climate caused tremendous changes in the number, and size of lakes and wetlands. Fortunately, the historical record of data from TP and earlier altimeters spans much of this time period. Both the PPR and southern BF regions experience extreme variability in climate, with droughts reoccurring on a regular basis. Indications are that both of these regions will be sensitive to global climate changes, over the next century. The magnitude of climate changes might be such that the distribution and function of hydrologic and ecologic processes (especially fire, insect infestations, and duck production) will be pushed outside their normal ranges. Such changes in hydrologic and ecosystem function have the potential to release carbon, further increasing CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere. The educational component will focus on science literacy at the 5th grade level. We plan to develop wetlands as a vehicle to increase skills in science reading literacy, and science content and processes at the 5th grade. A major emphasis will be on reading, designed to develop appropriate vocabulary, and understanding the structure and format of nonfiction writing. Our approach will be to develop an interactive website with wetland ecology, as a major focus. Students will be presented with interesting examples of different nonfiction writing styles used in science writing (report, comparison/ contrast, summary), which are appropriate for 5th grade students. This website will also emphasize cross-curricular initiatives with fiction stories that build on a wetland theme.