The role of star clusters in the evolution of the Galactic disk

我们的基本目标是了解星团在银盘演化中的作用。这包括对年轻的(嵌入的)星系团及其生存或衰败的研究，以及对经典疏散星系团命运的研究。我们希望在星系团演化的每个阶段确定恒星对圆盘的输入。我们的观测基础将是新的深空探测，PPM-S(位置和自行探测，Röser和Demleitner，2009)，其中包括大约8亿颗恒星(和星系)，精确度约为R=20 MAG。我们将涵盖4个主要主题：a)使用PPM-S，我们将研究最年轻的、可能嵌入的疏散星系团。这些对于我们理解恒星的形成和整个银盘的演化都起着重要的作用。然而，它们中的大多数仍然缺乏甚至是距离和年龄等基本参数。我们将使用PPM-S.B确定这些参数)我们将搜索所有年龄的未知星团(在PPM-S中寻找具有一致光度的空间和自行星团)。C)我们将比较嵌入星系团和经典疏散星系团的形成率，并构建星系团的初始光度函数(CILF)。d)我们将研究(大约15个)疏散星系团在我们的近邻(d&lt；250pc)直到低质量(0.2M⊙)成员。此外，我们还将对天蝎-半人马座协会进行一次全面的星际普查。虽然这是一个独立的(自主)项目，但它是对海德堡提议的SFB“银河系”的子项目B2“银河系中的疏散星团”的补充。如果两者都获得批准，我们将看到协同效应：将专门知识转让给SFB的年轻同事，特别是来自我们俄罗斯合作伙伴的经验，并为未来利用盖亚观测结果开发工具。

Our basic aim is understanding the role of star clusters in the evolution of the Galactic disk. This involves a study of young (embedded) clusters, their survival or decay, as well as a study of the fate of classical open clusters. We want to determine the stellar input to the disk at every stage of cluster evolution. Our observational basis will be the new deep sky survey, PPM-S (Positions and Proper Motions - Survey, Röser and Demleitner 2009), of some 800 million stars (and galaxies) down to about R = 20 mag. We will cover 4 major topics:a) Using PPM-S, we will study the youngest, possibly embedded generation of open clusters. These play an important role in our understanding of star formation and the evolution of the Galactic disk as a whole. However, most of them are still lacking even basic parameters like distance and age. We will determine these parameters using PPM-S.b) We will carry out a search for unknown clusters of all ages (looking for spatial and proper motion clusterings in PPM-S having consistent photometry). This results in an unbiased census within a distance of at least 3 kpc from the Sun and down to a well-defined magnitude limit.c) We will compare cluster formation rates of embedded and classical open clusters and construct the initial luminosity function of clusters (CILF).d) We will study the (about 15) open clusters in our immediate neighbourhood (d < 250pc) down to low-mass (0.2M⊙) members. In addition, we will construct a full stellar census of the Scorpius-Centaurus association. For both purposes, PPM-S is ideally suited.Although this is a stand-alone (autonomous) project, it is complementary to the subproject B2 “Open Star Clusters in the Milky Way” of the proposed SFB “The Milky Way System” from Heidelberg. Should both be approved we see synergetic effects: transfer of know-how to the younger colleagues of the SFB especially from the experience of our Russian partners, and developing tools for the future exploitation of the GAIA observations.