Dissertation Research: Manufacturing Peace: Conflict and Cooperation in an Indonesian Marine Park

本论文由华盛顿大学环境人类学专业的学生撰写，旨在探讨印尼北苏拉威西岛海洋保护区布纳肯国家公园管理中的冲突与合作的历史、社会和政治过程。在过去的五年里，对公园的强烈反对不断升级，最终在2004年1月发生了一场起义。本研究通过详细的民族志分析，这个高调，文化和生态多样性的海洋公园，解释了当地人如何表达他们的海景过渡的反应，其次，提出了一个详细的分析的方式，精英代表这些responses.Marine保护区是现在最常见的海洋保护方法之一，促进整个热带地区。然而，冲突围绕着这些项目的每一个方面，直接与他们的高失败率相关。本研究试图阐明这种代表性和地方行动的政治过程，从阻力和社会运动理论，重点是农民抵抗现代化计划，和政治生态学理论，重点是合作。使用定性和定量的方法-民族志研究结合家庭调查和文件和档案分析-它将扩展理论框架，以研究冲突分析合作，以质疑关于海洋保护的理所当然的假设和海洋保护的意义和实践在发展中国家。这项研究创造的新知识的更广泛影响涉及帮助海洋决策者设计更有效的海洋保护区。

This dissertation project by an environmental anthropology student from the University of Washington will examine historical, social and political processes of conflict and cooperation within the management of Bunaken National Park, a marine protected area in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. In the past five years, intense opposition to the park has mounted, culminating in an uprising that occurred in January 2004. Through a detailed ethnographic analysis of this high profile, culturally and ecologically diverse marine park, this research explains how local people have articulated their responses to seascape transition and secondly, presents a detailed analysis of the ways that elites have represented these responses.Marine protected areas are now amongst the most common ocean conservation methods promoted throughout the tropics. However, conflict surrounds every facet of these projects, directly correlating with their high failure rate. This research seeks to illuminate political processes of this representation and local action by drawing substantially from resistance and social movement theories, focusing on peasant resistance to modernizing schemes, and political ecology theory, focusing on cooperation. Using qualitative and quantitative methods - ethnographic research combined with a household survey and document and archival analysis - it will extend theoretical frameworks developed to examine conflict to analyze cooperation in order to question taken-for-granted assumptions about marine conservation and the meaning and practice of marine conservation in the developing world. Broader impacts of the new knowledge created by this research involve helping marine policy makers to design more effective marine protected areas.