SGER: Geochemical Analysis of S-bearing Species Using Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) and Infrared Imaging at Cerro Negro's Fumarole Field

这项探索性研究小额赠款是为了探索在尼加拉瓜塞罗内格罗火山活跃区使用尖端仪器。文献中多次强调H2S/SO2和H2/H2O之间的氧化还原关系对于确定气体排放的形态至关重要，并且可能反映了地下环境。这项研究是为了进一步发展DOAS（差分光学吸收光谱）系统，该系统目前开始在活火山的二氧化硫排放率实验中普及。作为野外实验的一部分，研究小组将把DOAS测量与热红外成像结合起来，绘制火山喷气孔场的温度和硫氧化还原变化图。出口温度和氧化态之间的关系有可能产生关于岩浆气体和地下水如何在Cerro Negro发生相互作用的新知识。这种新方法将通过直接测量该火山活跃地点的气体种类浓度和温度波动来验证。该提案涉及来自美国和加拿大三个不同机构的年轻研究人员，其中两人来自代表性不足的群体（少数族裔女性）。它包括在实地环境中由主要专家培训一名少数民族女学生，同时加强青年教员、工业界和尼加拉瓜科学家之间的相互作用，从而建立可能促进大学内部和国际上进一步相互作用的联系和伙伴关系。当地科学家和这名学生将接受训练，在为期三周的实地实验中使用几种新仪器，在此期间，可能会发现一个年轻而不寻常的火山环境。在实地活动结束时，微型紫外线光谱仪将留给训练有素的尼加拉瓜科学家，以便在尼加拉瓜今后的火山监测工作中使用。实验结果将及时通过出版物和互联网进行传播。对社会的潜在好处包括开发以自动化方式远程监控除气的能力，更深入地了解地下过程，以及这些进步提供的潜在危害缓解。当地科学家的参与至关重要，因为他们将负责为当地民众制作教育产品，他们仍然记得20世纪90年代中期的疏散。这一提议也开启了与行业合作伙伴之间富有成效的关系。

This Small Grant for Exploratory Research is to explore the use of cutting edge instrumentation at the active site of Cerro Negro volcano, Nicaragua. The redox relationship between H2S/SO2 and H2/H2O has been highlighted several times in the literature as vital in determining the speciation of gaseous emissions, and likely reflects the subsurface environment. This study is to undertake further development of the DOAS (Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy) system currently beginning to proliferate in SO2 emission rate experiments in active volcanoes. As part of this field experiment, the team will combine DOAS measurements with thermal infrared imaging to allow mapping the fumarole field of this volcano for temperature and sulfur redox variations. The relationship between exit temperature and oxidation state has the potential to yield new knowledge on how interaction between magmatic gases and groundwater occurs at Cerro Negro. This new methodology will be validated using direct measurements of concentration of gas species and temperature fluctuations at this volcanically active site. This proposal involves young researchers from three different institutions within the US and Canada, two of whom are from underrepresented groups (female minorities). It involves the training of a female minority student by leading experts in a field environment, while enhancing interaction between young faculty, industry and Nicaraguan scientists, allowing linkages and partnerships to be forged that are likely to promote further interaction, both within the universities and internationally. Local scientists, and the student, will be trained to use several new instruments over the three week field experiment, during which time much could potentially be discovered about a young, and unusual volcanic setting. At the conclusion of the field campaign, the mini-UV spectrometer will be left with the trained Nicaraguan scientists to use in future volcano-monitoring efforts in Nicaragua. The results from the experiment will be disseminated through both publication and the Internet in a timely manner. The potential benefits to society include developing the ability to remotely monitor outgassing in an automated fashion, more insight into subsurface processes and the potential hazard mitigation these advances provide. The involvement of local scientist is crucial as they will be responsible for generating educational products for the local populace, who can still remember the evacuations of the mid 1990s. This proposal also begins what can hopefully become a fruitful relationship with an industry partner.