The Particle Physics and Cosmology of Supersymmetry and String Theory

大型强子对撞机将寻找新的对称性和物质形式。特别是，大型强子对撞机将寻找超对称性，它将粒子与不同的固有自旋角动量联系在一起。超对称性似乎对理解粒子物理学的重要方面至关重要，比如力和暗物质的统一。这也是超弦理论的要求，也是量子引力的基本组成部分。如果超对称性被发现，它将伴随着大量的新粒子，称为超级伙伴。它们的存在和性质将在大型强子对撞机上确定。天体物理观测也进入了一个新时代。WMAP和Planck卫星对宇宙微波背景的成像将提供关于早期宇宙和宇宙结构起源的详细信息。拟议的JDEM和LSST实验将提供暗能量和暗物质性质的精确探测器。此外，LIGO和LISA还将测量引力波。所有这些天体物理现象都从根本上探讨了引力理论，其中一些现象，如暗物质，可能与超对称性有关。从理论上讲，超对称引力最适合用超弦理论来描述。美国和欧洲的这一相关提议，是对LHC粒子加速器以及即将到来的WMAP、普朗克、LSST和JDEM宇宙学观测将在未来几年及以后提供的新实验数据的直接回应。这项提议试图将尖端理论物理，特别是超对称、超弦和M理论的结果与这些数据进行比较。其目的是为自然界的物质含量、质量的起源、暗物质和暗能量的解释、量子引力的性质以及热大爆炸的起源和性质提供理论基础。

The Large Hadron Collider will search for new symmetries and forms of matter. In particular, the LHC will look for supersymmetry , which associates particles with differing intrinsic spin angular momentum. Supersymmetry seems essential to understanding important aspects of particle physics, such as the unification of forces and dark matter. It is also a requirement of superstring theory and a fundamental ingredient in quantum gravitation. If supersymmetry is discovered, it will be accompanied by a large number of new particles, called superpartners. Their existence and properties will be determined at the LHC. Astrophysical observations are also entering a new era. Imaging of the cosmic microwave background by the WMAP and Planck satellites will provide detailed information about the early universe and the origin of cosmic structure. Precision probes of the properties of dark energy and dark matter will be provided by the proposed JDEM and LSST experiments. In addition, LIGO and LISA will measure gravitational waves. All of these astrophysical phenomenon fundamentally probe the theory of gravitation and some, like dark matter, are potentially related to supersymmetry. Theoretically, supersymmetric gravitation is best described by the theory of superstrings.This correlated American and European proposal, is a direct response to the new experimental data that the LHC particle accelerator and the upcoming WMAP, Planck, LSST and JDEM cosmological observations will provide over the next several years and beyond. This proposal seeks to compare the results of cutting-edge theoretical physics, specifically supersymmetry, superstrings and M-theory, with this data. The intent is to provide a theoretical basis for the matter content of nature, the origins of mass, an explanation of dark matter and dark energy, the nature of quantum gravitation and the origin and properties of the hot Big Bang.