H2O Speciation, Reaction Kinetics and Viscosity of Hydrous Silicate Melts

火山爆发在人类历史上造成了巨大的破坏。它们由岩浆中溶解的水提供动力，类似于香槟喷发由酒精-水液体中溶解的二氧化碳提供动力。气泡的生长和岩浆的破碎是火山爆发的关键过程。几乎所有的岩浆过程，包括气泡生长、岩浆破碎和岩浆流动，都强烈依赖于岩浆的粘度。为了了解火山喷发，特别是非爆炸性到爆炸性的转变，迫切需要在相对高粘度和压力下的湿硅酸盐熔体的粘度数据。这笔赠款将支持新的实验工作，以获得此类粘度数据。此外，还将利用新获得的数据和文献数据，努力开发一个全面的模型来预测所有天然硅酸盐熔体的粘度。赠款的结果将对理解和模拟气泡生长、定义火山爆发的岩浆破碎以及火山喷发的动力学至关重要，有助于减轻火山灾害。此外，对硅酸盐熔体中含水物种平衡的研究将有助于更好地了解这些含水熔体的热力学、水的溶解度和扩散率，这对火山学和火成岩学具有重要意义。与外国科学家的合作将促进国际科学网络。研究成果将发表在科学期刊上，并在适当的时候纳入教学和向公众传播。

Explosive volcanic eruptions have caused devastations in human history. They are powered by dissolved water in magma, similar to Champagne eruptions powered by dissolved carbon dioxide in alcohol-water liquid. Bubble growth and magma fragmentation are key processes in explosive eruptions. Virtually all magmatic processes, including bubble growth, magma fragmentation, and magma flow are strongly dependent on the viscosity of magmas. In order to understand volcanic eruptions, especially the non-explosive to explosive transition, there is a critical need for viscosity data on wet silicate melts at relatively high viscosity and under pressure. This grant will support new experimental work to obtain such viscosity data. Furthermore, effort will be made to develop a comprehensive model to predict viscosity of all natural silicate melts using newly available data and literature data.Results from the grant will be critical to the understanding and modeling of bubble growth, magma fragmentation that defines explosive volcanic eruptions, and dynamics of volcanic eruptions, helping the mitigation of volcanic hazards. Furthermore, the investigation of the hydrous species equilibrium in silicate melts will lead to better understanding of the thermodynamics of, and water solubility and diffusivity in these hydrous melts, important to volcanology and igneous petrology. Collaboration with foreign scientists will further international scientific networking. Research results will be published in scientific journals, and will be incorporated into teaching and disseminated to the general public when appropriate.