Cape Adare Long-term Mooring (CALM)

将在南极洲阿代尔角以东的罗斯海西北角部署和维护一系列系泊设备，以观察离开罗斯海的南极底层水（AABW）的特性。从最近的研究中已经确定这个位置是进行这种测量的理想地点。 南极底层水是全球主要水团中密度最高的，并充满了世界海洋的最深处。由于它在与大气和南极洲大陆边缘沿着的冰川接触期间获得了许多特征，预计新形成的AABW的变化可能是气候突变的有效指标。南极洲周围源区的异质性使得对新形成的AABW性质的观测变得复杂。AABW的两个最重要的源区是威德尔海和罗斯海，其他来源来自南极洲东部边缘。在威德尔海西北部，在过去的十年中，已经进行了几个项目，以监测威德尔海深水和底层水的长期变化，来自威德尔海的AABW的前体，但是还没有进行这样的系统性努力，以长期测量罗斯海的流出量。这项拟议的研究将大大提高我们对罗斯海深水和底层水外流长期变化的认识，并将为长期监测工作提供开端，最终将在全球气候变化的背景下检测海洋的变化。当与威德尔海正在进行的类似努力相结合时，可以详细研究海洋最深水团的这两个重要来源的长期行为和可能的耦合。

An array of moorings will be deployed and maintained east of Cape Adare, Antarctica, at the northwestern corner of the Ross Sea to observe the properties of Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) exiting the Ross Sea. This location has been identified from recent studies as an ideal place to make such measurements. Antarctic Bottom Water has the highest density of the major global water masses, and fills the deepest parts of the world's oceans. Because it obtains many of its characteristics during its contact with the atmosphere and with glacial ice along the continental margins of Antarctica, it is expected that changes in newly-formed AABW may represent an effective indicator for abrupt climate change. The heterogeneous nature of the source regions around Antarctica complicates the observation of newly-formed AABW properties. The two most important source regions for AABW are within the Weddell and the Ross Seas, with additional sources drawn from the east Antarctic margins. In the northwestern Weddell Sea, several programs have been undertaken in the last decade to monitor the long term variability of Weddell Sea Deep and Bottom Water, precursors of AABW originating from the Weddell Sea, however no such systematic efforts have yet been undertaken to make longterm measurements of outflow from the Ross Sea. The proposed study will significantly improve our knowledge of the long term variability in the outflow of deep and bottom water from the Ross Sea, and will provide the beginnings of a long-term monitoring effort which ultimately will allow detection of changes in the ocean in the context of global climate change. When joined with similar efforts ongoing in the Weddell Sea, long-term behavior and possible coupling of these two important sources of the ocean's deepest water mass can be examined in detail.