Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence, Charged Particle Transport, and Turbulence in the Extended Solar Atmosphere

湍流是一种复杂的非线性动力学行为，我们可以在空间等离子体中观察到广泛的时间和空间尺度。这一提议有助于增进我们对等离子体湍流的理解，这是非线性等离子体电动力学的一个特征，它渗透并塑造了宇宙大部分地区的基本物理现象。空间和天体物理等离子体存储的大部分非热能存在于磁流体动力学(MHD)模型很好地描述的结构或涨落中。日冕、太阳风、磁层和星际介质可能会表现出MHD湍流，从最大的尺度到动力耗散变得强烈的尺度不等。理解这种MHD湍流对于日冕加热、太阳风的加速、太阳风的分布式加热、通过日光层的能量转移来调节“空间天气”以及整个太阳系的太阳和银河系高能带电粒子的运输等问题至关重要。这项提议延续了以前由国家科学基金会资助的高生产率项目。PI旨在进一步阐明MHD湍流的基本性质，以及包含较小尺度湍流的宏观或非均匀过程的输运理论。他将使用测试粒子理论和模拟来研究高能粒子对湍流的响应，并采用综合方法，使用MHD和流体模拟技术、输运理论、湍流和粒子扩散的分析理论，以及对航天器观测的相关分析和解释。在这项工作中，PI包括一个教育部分，对初级人员的监督和指导，以及对分析技术、计算方法和并行计算战略以及对工业和跨学科方法和应用的潜在贡献。

Turbulence is a complex nonlinear dynamical behavior that we can observe in space plasmas over a wide range of temporal and spatial scales. This proposal offers to advance our understanding of plasma turbulence, a feature of nonlinear plasma electrodynamics that pervades and shapes basic physical phenomena throughout much of the universe. Much of the nonthermal energy stored by space and astrophysical plasmas is found in structures or fluctuations that are well described by magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) models. The solar corona, the solar wind, the magnetosphere, and the interstellar medium may exhibit MHD turbulence, ranging from the largest scales down to the scales at which kinetic dissipation becomes strong. Understanding this MHD turbulence is critical to problems related to coronal heating, the acceleration of the solar wind, distributed heating of the solar wind, mediation of "space weather" by transfer of energy through the heliosphere, and the transport of solar and galactic energetic charged particles throughout the solar system. This proposal continues highly productive projects previously funded by the NSF. The PI intends to further elucidate basic properties of MHD turbulence and transport theories for macroscopic or inhomogeneous processes that include turbulence at smaller scales. He will use test particle theory and simulation to study energetic particle response to turbulence, and adopt an integrated approach using MHD and fluid simulation techniques, transport theory, analytical theories of turbulence and particle diffusion, and related analysis and interpretation of spacecraft observations. In this effort, the PI includes an educational component, supervision and mentorship of junior personnel, and potential contributions to analysis techniques, computational methods, and parallel computing strategies, as well as to industrial and cross disciplinary methodologies and applications.