Constraining Geological and Macroevolutionary Patterns and Processes during the Phanerozoic

制约地质和宏观演化模式和过程中的古生界Shanan Peters，University of Penguanshan-0544941摘要岩石记录包含了各种各样的自然资源，是许多地球科学的主要信息来源;它也是一个复杂的时空马赛克，是由各种各样的构造和气候过程。理解和量化岩石记录的精细尺度时空结构非常重要，主要有两个原因。首先，严格的量化将揭示有关控制岩体形成和破坏的过程如何随时间变化的详细信息。第二，量化岩石记录将有可能克服不连续和非随机保存地球历史的偏见影响，该提案开发了一种新的基于过程的方法来量化岩石记录，该方法基于一个简单的原则：在特定的地理位置，整个地质记录由在任何给定的时间分辨率尺度上连续形成的岩石间隙包组成。因此，在本发明中，编制的时间范围和岩性特征的差距约束包允许的地质记录，以迅速和精确地量化的方式，捕捉关键的环境和地质动态。拟议的研究的具体目标是：1）提高时间和环境分辨率的综合数据库的差距-美国的束缚岩石包，其已经由PI从北美地层单位的对比中初步编译，2）扩展该数据库以包括加拿大整个地质记录的可比数据，3）使用NSF资助的古生物学数据库（PBDB：www.example.com）和GIS技术，将超过240，000个北美化石直接映射到岩石记录的时间和空间结构http://paleodb.org中，以及4）向研究人员，学生，向公众提供一个新的综合地质数据库，可使用任何符合开放标准的网络浏览器通过万维网进行搜索。这些研究目标的主要科学目标包括：1）严格量化北美沉积岩记录的海洋和陆地环境变化历史，2）量化沉积岩记录的环境变化背景下的特定生境动物进化历史，以及3）区分与岩石和化石记录之间已经记录的大量数量相似性相一致的两种替代假设，从而加深我们对过去5.42亿年中导致动物类群起源和灭绝的地质和环境因素的理解。

Constraining Geological and MacroevolutionaryPatterns and Processes during the PhanerozoicShanan Peters, University of MichiganEAR-0544941ABSTRACTThe rock record contains a diverse array of natural resources and is the primary source of information for much of the geosciences; it is also a complex spatio-temporal mosaic that is structured by a diverse array of tectonic and climatic processes. Understanding and quantifying the fine-scale temporal and spatial architecture of the rock record is important for two primary reasons. First, rigorous quantification will reveal detailed information about how the processes that govern the formation and destruction of rock bodies have changed over time. Second, quantifying the rock record will make it possible to overcome the biasing effects of discontinuous and non-random preservation of earth history.This proposal develops a new process-based approach to quantifying the rock record that is grounded on one simple principle: at a particular geographic location, the entire geologic record consists of gap-bound packages of rock that formed continuously at any given scale of temporal resolution. Thus, compiling the temporal ranges and lithological characteristics of gap-bound packages allows the geologic record to be rapidly and precisely quantified in a way that captures critical environmental and geological dynamics.The specific objectives of the proposed research are to 1) enhance the temporal and environmental resolution of a comprehensive database of gap-bound rock packages in the U.S.A. that has already been preliminarily compiled from the Correlation of Stratigraphic Units of North America by the PI, 2) expand this database to include comparable data for the entire geologic record of Canada, 3) map more than 240,000 North American fossil occurrences directly into the temporal and spatial structure of the rock record using the NSF-funded Paleobiology Database (PBDB: http://paleodb.org) and GIS technology, and 4) make available to researchers, students, and the general public a new and comprehensive geologic database that is searchable via the world wide web using any open standards-compliant web browser. The primary scientific goals of these research objectives include: 1) rigorously quantifying the history of environmental change, as recorded by the sedimentary rock record of North America, in both the marine and terrestrial realms, 2) quantifying the habitat-specific history of animal evolution within the context of environmental changes recorded by sedimentary rocks, and 3) distinguishing between two alternative hypotheses that are consistent with the numerous quantitative similarities that have been documented between the rock and fossil records, thereby enhancing our understanding of the geologic and environmental factors that have contributed to the origination and extinction of animal taxa over the past 542 million years.