How Women Attain Political Power: Understanding Women's Representation in Parliaments, 1893-2003

为什么女性在一些国家成功地获得了实质性的政治权力，而在另一些国家却没有？为了回答这个问题，该项目将在1893年至2003年期间为150多个国家的妇女进入议会机构树立榜样。该项目的目标有两个：(1)定义和衡量跨政治制度和时间的妇女获得政治权力的情况；(2)研究哪些因素解释了各国获得第一位女性议员所需的时间，以及议会中女性比例达到10%、20%和30%。由此产生的项目数据集将包含女性选举权的数据，当女性达到重要的代表性里程碑时，例如立法机构的10%，20%和30%，以及当女性获得高度可见的政治职位时，例如总理，总统或议会议长。从1893年到2003年，将有150多个国家的数据可供分析，并将通过公共数据档案提供给其他研究人员。这些分析将把时间和历史纳入现有的跨国妇女和政治模式。事件历史分析将探讨妇女在不同国家和不同时期获得政治权力的过程，询问最初的代表权（第一任国会议员）与后来获得10%的代表权的过程是否不同，并承认社会、经济和政治发展可能需要时间来影响妇女的政治代表权。该项目具有学术价值，因为它对解释妇女长期获得政治权力的因素进行了广泛、大规模、跨国的调查。该项目将对学术研究人员、活动人士和教育工作者产生广泛影响。这里生成的数据集将为其他研究女性、政治和权力的研究人员提供大量资源。这些分析将有助于学者和活动人士确定妇女增加其政治代表性的前景，并建议今后增加妇女担任政治职务人数的战略。最后，该项目将向教育工作者提供关于处于各种政治地位的妇女的全面国际和历史资料。

SES - 0549973Pamela PaxtonOhio State UniversityWhy have women succeeded in obtaining substantial political power in some countries and not in others? To answer this question, this project will model women's inclusion into parliamentary bodies in over 150 countries from 1893 to 2003. The goals of the project are twofold: (1) to define and measure women's attainment of political power across political systems and time, and (2) to examine what factors explain how long it takes countries to acquire their first female parliamentarian, and to achieve ten, twenty, and thirty percent women in their parliament. The resulting project dataset will contain data on female suffrage, the first female member of parliament, when women reach important representational milestones, such as 10%, 20%, and 30% of a legislature, and when women achieve highly-visible political positions, such as prime minister, president, or head of parliament. Data will yield over 150 countries for analysis from 1893 to 2003 and will be made available to other researchers through a public data archive. The analyses will incorporate time and history into existing cross-national models of women and politics. Event history analyses will address the process by which women gain political power across countries and over time, ask whether this process differs for initial representation (first member of parliament) vs. later gains such as 10% representation, and acknowledge that social, economic, and political developments may take time to impact women's political representation. The project holds intellectual merit as an extensive, large-scale, cross-national investigation of the factors that explain women's attainment of political power over time.The project will have broad impact for academic researchers, activists, and educators. The dataset generated here will provide a substantial resource for other researchers who study women, politics, and power. The analyses will help academics and activists ascertain the prospects for women increasing their representation in politics and recommend strategies for increasing the number of women achieving political office in the future. Finally, the project will provide educators with comprehensive international and historical information on women in a variety of political positions.