International Research Fellowship Program: Communication and the Politics of Participation in Pastoral Societies: An Ethno-Geographical Analysis in East Africa

国际研究奖学金计划使美国科学家和工程师能够在国外进行9到24个月的研究。 该计划的奖项提供了联合研究的机会，以及使用独特或互补的设施，专业知识和国外的实验条件。该奖项将支持马拉戈德曼博士与罗宾里德博士在肯尼亚内罗毕的国际畜牧研究所进行为期18个月的研究奖学金。该项目的目标是1）阐明特定的社会，文化和地理因素是牧民社区非正式和正式通信网络/过程的特征;它们是如何组织、维持、管理和变化的;以及它们如何在不同规模和情况下促进和/或限制信息流动; 2）调查跨地方的社交网络、不断变化的社会规范以及牧民使用的特定沟通策略如何与不平等的权力关系相互作用，以限制或促进参与性保护发展项目中的沟通，这是由不同团体，包括牧民组织（PNGOs）提出的。 PI假设，复杂的，跨地方的社交网络共同牧民社会既有利又有制约的影响，内部沟通和互动/参与性保护/发展项目。 了解牧区地理如何影响牧区沟通系统-内部，与牧区非政府组织，并与非牧区相关团体，在多个尺度-是改善牧场保护/发展项目的沟通的关键。她将通过比较分析产生的地理，人种学和访谈数据在一个相当受控的设置（跨越肯尼亚和坦桑尼亚的四个马赛网站）的牧民沟通过程中测试的假设。数据将说明1）内部沟通动态调解日常和更正式的（会议）交流; 2）地理，和社会组织的（正式和非正式）网络，可促进区域共同管理养护工作;文化规范、沟通机制、社交网络、在“参与式”保护/发展项目中，权力关系与外部机构相互作用（以便利和限制的方式）。肯尼亚是一个大的牧民人口，越来越多的土地使用/保护为基础的研究的重点。ILRI处于畜牧相关研究的最前沿，拥有完善的研究人员网络，与社区领导人的关系，以及在该项目的四个比较研究地点正在进行的研究。 研究结果将扩大我们的知识的通信动态和权力关系在不同的地理尺度和政治背景下参与保护/发展进程。

0602034GoldmanThe International Research Fellowship Program enables U.S. scientists and engineers to conduct nine to twenty-four months of research abroad. The program's awards provide opportunities for joint research, and the use of unique or complementary facilities, expertise and experimental conditions abroad.This award will support an eighteen-month research fellowship by Dr. Mara Goldman to work with Dr. Robin Reid at the International Livestock Research Institute in Nairobi, Kenya.The objective of this project is 1) to illuminate the particular social, cultural and geographical elements which characterize informal and formal communication networks/processes in pastoral communities; how they are organized, maintained, governed, and changing; and how they facilitate and/or constrain information flow in different scales and circumstances; and 2) to investigate the ways in which translocal social networks, changing social norms, and particular communication strategies used by pastoralists interact with uneven power relations to constrain or facilitate communication in participatory conservation development projects, as introduced by different groups, including Pastoralist Organizations (PNGOs). The PI hypothesizes that the complex, trans-local social networks common to pastoralist societies have both beneficial and constraining influences on internal communication and on interactions/ involvement in participatory conservation/development projects. Understanding how pastoral geographies affect pastoral communication systems - internally, with pastoral NGOs, and with non-pastoral related groups, at multiple scales - is key to improving communication in rangeland conservation/development projects. She will test the hypothesis through a comparative analysis producing geographic, ethnographic and interview data on pastoral communication processes within a fairly controlled setting (across four Maasai sites spanning Kenya and Tanzania). Data will illustrate 1) internal communication dynamics mediating everyday and more formal (meeting) exchanges; 2) the geographic, and social organization of (formal and informal) networks which could facilitate regional co-management conservation; and 3) the ways in which cultural norms, communication mechanisms, social networks, and power relations interact with external agencies in'participatory' conservation/development projects (in both faciliatory and constraining ways). Kenya is home to a large pastoral population, increasingly the growing focus of land-use/conservation-based research. ILRI is at the forefront of pastoral-related research with a well-established network of researchers, relationships with community leaders, and ongoing research in the four comparison study sites for the project. The research findings will expand our knowledge of communication dynamics and power-relations across different geographic scales and political contexts in participatory conservation/development processes.