Collaborative Research: Millennial Scale Arctic Climate Change for the last 3.6 My: Scientific Drilling at Lake El'gygytgyn, NE Russia

位于西伯利亚东北部的一个撞击坑埃尔吉格特金湖（Lake El'gygytgyn）的沉积记录已成为古气候研究的焦点，现在被国际大陆钻探计划（ICDP）视为高度优先的世界级钻探目标。1998年和2003年从湖泊最深处（170米）提取的沉积物岩心显示，基底年龄约为250万年和近300万年，并可重复地证明了湖泊对东北亚地区千年时间尺度气候变化的敏感性。这些岩芯是迄今为止发现的最古老的北极陆地岩芯。这笔赠款将支持在2008年春季获得更深的核心，通过基岩。这些岩芯可能会产生一个可以追溯到300多年前的北极气候记录。地震测量显示，400米的沉积物覆盖的影响角砾岩。这笔赠款是美国对多国努力的贡献，以检索核心并进行后续的科学研究，加入ICDP，加拿大，德国和俄罗斯政府的捐款。知识价值：我们的目标是收集和解释最长的时间-北极陆地气候变化的连续记录，并将此记录与低纬度海洋和陆地站点的记录进行比较，以更好地了解半球和全球气候变化。取芯目标包括在湖泊最深处附近的2个地点取2个重复重叠的岩心。在湖沉积物上再采集一个陆基岩心，该岩心现在被冻结的冲积沉积物覆盖，这将有助于更好地了解湖的沉积物供应情况。这些岩心将提供独特的北极记录，记录冰川/间冰期和千年尺度变化的机制和动态，以便与海洋的其他长期记录进行比较。这将使科学家能够评估和模拟系统遥相关和领先/滞后相对于日照强迫期间的41万年和100万年的周期。这一记录将提供洞察力，以确定是否在末次冰期周期中确定的快速变化事件是典型的早期冰期。这个核心将使我们能够解决有关北极气候变化的演变和模式的问题，通过从温暖的上新世中期到第一个主要的北方半球冰川的开始过渡。核心将提供一个记录的区域敏感性的东北亚北极地区的千年尺度的突然变化和间冰期温暖的EPICA冰芯，长亚洲黄土和湖泊记录，海洋records.Broader的影响：这项工作将帮助我们了解北极气候的自然变化的背景下，现代变化可以理解的范围内。由于这项工作将在国际极地年（IPY）期间进行，因此检索一个独特的北极核心将特别及时。研究成果的国际分享不仅在我们各国和个人之间建立了信任和相互尊重，而且在莫斯科和俄罗斯较偏远地区的政治团体和机构之间也建立了信任和相互尊重。该提案将支持4所美国机构的研究生和本科生。大部分推广工作将以互联网为基础，结合最新的交互式三维地理信息系统和地形可视化技术、视频以及与实地教育工作者的实时互动，所有这些都将该项目与国际和平年联系起来。

The sedimentary record of Lake El'gygytgyn, an impact crater in northeastern Siberia, has become a focus for paleoclimatic research and is now considered a high-priority, world-class target for drilling by the International Continental Drilling Program (ICDP). Sediment cores retrieved from the deepest part of the lake (170 m) in 1998 and 2003 revealed a basal age of ~ 250 and nearly 300 ka, and reproducibly demonstrated the sensitivity of the lake to climatic change across NE Asia at millennial timescales. These cores are the oldest terrestrial Arctic cores yet retrieved. This grant will support acquiring deeper cores in spring 2008 through to bedrock. The cores could potentially yield a record of Arctic climate dating back to over 3 My ago. Seismic measurements show 400 m of sediments overlying the impact breccias. This grant is the U.S. contribution to a multi-national effort to retrieve the cores and carry out subsequent scientific research, joining contributions from the ICDP, the Canadian, German and Russian governments.Intellectual merit: The goal is to collect and interpret the longest time-continuous record of climate change in the terrestrial Arctic and compare this record with those from lower latitude marine and terrestrial sites to better understand hemispheric and global climate change. Coring objectives include 2 replicate overlapping cores at 2 sites near the deepest part of the lake. One additional land-based core on lake sediments now overlain by frozen alluvial sediments will allow a better understanding of sediment supply to the lake. These cores will provide a unique Arctic record capturing the mechanisms and dynamics of glacial/interglacial and millennial-scale change for comparison with other long records from the oceans. This will allow scientists to evaluate and model systemic teleconnections and leads/lags relative to insolation forcing during periods of both 41 ka and 100 ka cycling. This record will provide insight as to whether rapid change events identified during the last glacial cycle are typical of earlier glacial periods. This core will allow us to address questions concerning the evolution and mode of Arctic climate change via the transition from the warm middle Pliocene to the onset of the first major Northern Hemisphere glaciation. The cores will provide a record of the regional sensitivity of the N E Asian Arctic to millennial-scale abrupt change and interglacial warmth detected in the timeframe of the EPICA ice cores, long Asian loess and lake records, and marine records.Broader impacts: This work will help us understand the background of natural variations in Arctic climate so that modern changes can be understood within that context. As this work will occur during the International Polar Year (IPY), the retrieval of a unique Arctic core will be especially timely. International sharing of research builds trust and mutual respect between our nations and individuals, but also between political bodies and institutions in Moscow and the more remote regions of Russia. This proposal will support graduate and undergraduates at 4 U.S. institutions. A large portion of the outreach efforts will be internet-based, incorporating the latest interactive 3D GIS and terrain visualization technology, video, and real-time interactions with educators in the field, all tying this project into the IPY.