The Recovery Divide: Sociospatial Disparities in Disaster Recovery from Hurricane Katrina along Mississippi's Gulf Coast

灾后恢复是一个社会和物质的过程，涉及社区和自然环境的恢复。灾害事件的不同影响，加上社区潜在的社会脆弱性，共同影响恢复的速度和程度。例如，与较富裕的社区相比，缺乏体制和财政资源的社区往往经历更长的恢复期。同样，有充分的社会科学证据表明，性别、种族和阶级差异显著影响灾难恢复模式。虽然密西西比州墨西哥湾沿岸的社区受到了卡特里娜飓风的影响，但他们的人口和经济构成差异很大。本项目利用卡特里娜飓风及其对密西西比墨西哥湾沿岸的影响来了解影响该地区恢复速度的因素，但更重要的是，了解恢复过程中潜在的不平等。该研究结合了关于该地区社会、建筑环境和灾害脆弱性的基线地理数据，对影响当前（卡特里娜飓风前）定居点历史的过去条件的历史叙述，对该地区历史定居点和人口变化率的统计分析，以及对未来定居点和人口变化轨迹及其地理足迹的预测。最后，该项目通过对选定案例研究社区的关键人物的采访，记录了恢复过程本身以及不平等在形成过程中的作用。通过这种方式，这项研究不仅进一步加深了我们对复苏速度及其地理范围的理解，而且还加深了我们对复苏过程中不平等的作用以及那些可能导致“复苏鸿沟”的先决条件的理解。

Recovery from disaster is a social and physical process involving the restoration of communities and the natural environment. The differential impact of a hazard event coupled with the underlying social vulnerabilities of communities work in tandem to influence the rate and extent of recovery. For example, communities with few institutional and financial resources often experience more lengthy recovery periods when compared to more affluent communities. Similarly, there is ample social science evidence that gender, race, and class differences significantly influence disaster recovery patterns. While communities along Mississippi's Gulf Coast shared the impact of Hurricane Katrina, their demographic and economic compositions vary considerably. This project uses Hurricane Katrina and its impact on Mississippi's Gulf Coast to understand those factors that influence the rate of recovery in the region, but more importantly, the potential inequalities in the process. The research combines baseline geographic data on the social, built environment and hazard vulnerability of the region, a historical narrative on past conditions that influence the current (pre-Katrina) settlement history, a statistical analysis of historical rates of settlement and demographic change in the region, and forecasts for the future trajectory of settlement and demographic change as well as its geographic footprint. Lastly, the project documents the recovery processes itself and the role of inequalities in shaping it through interviews with key individuals in selected case study communities. In this way, the research not only furthers our understanding of the pace of recovery and its geographic extent, but also the role of inequalities in the recovery process and those antecedent conditions that could give rise to a "recovery divide".