Collaborative Research: Forced Migrants Living in Post-Conflict Situations: Social Networks and Livelihood Strategies

30.近年来，全世界的武装冲突数量和难民数量都有所下降，但国内流离失所者的数量保持稳定，国内流离失所者的状况持续了较长时间。虽然在调动资源和人道主义援助方面进行了几项研究（主要是针对眼前的救济需要），但现有的研究仍然缺乏理论性，方法上存在缺陷，缺乏可比性，主要是从机构反应的角度进行的。这个国际和多学科合作项目涉及地理学家，社会学家，人类学家，社会心理学家，妇女研究和政策专家，调查如何在冲突后的背景下，国内流离失所者成为通过构建生计战略的变化代理人。它旨在促进学者和政策制定者对人类对社会、经济和领土流离失所的巨大影响的反应的理解。跨学科小组将解决几个广泛的研究问题：1）国内流离失所者和普通民众以何种方式构建社交网络并实施生计战略？ 2)这些人在性别、地点和居住类型上有什么不同？3)被迫移民的社交网络的构成与一般民众有何异同？ 研究特别侧重于参与强迫移徙管理战略的个人和群体。 研究小组将分析后社会主义社会“格鲁吉亚”继续面临不稳定的政治和经济环境的情况。 将采用三种研究方法：叙述式访谈、对国内流离失所者和非移民的网络分析访谈，以及对负责管理国内流离失所者的政府和非政府机构成员的一系列半结构化访谈。 这些数据将在格鲁吉亚的三个地点收集--第比利斯、萨梅格列洛和伊梅雷蒂。叙事访谈将进行文本分析和正式的网络分析的结果映射和测试的显着差异，在整个sample.In相反，国内流离失所者的大多数研究，这项研究的地方在分析的中心，移民，看到他们作为变化的代理人。 它认为，成为和成为被迫移徙者对制定和利用生计战略的方式有影响。 通过对文化、政治、经济和社会因素的解释，研究将为理解转型社会背景下的被迫迁移过程提供一个新的范式。 它将反对现有的移民研究，这些研究往往未能捕捉到文化规范，历史模式，性别层面，经济变化和政治不稳定的相互作用。此外，它将有助于对被迫移民的治理概念和社会网络分析的理论辩论。 最后，研究人员希望通过将日常实践的空间方面与社交网络的构建相结合，开发一种新的方法来分析社交网络的地理。 这项研究将产生关于国内流离失所者的重要知识，这些知识将通过一个网站提供，并将分发给政府和非政府组织、决策者以及从事和制定与强迫移徙有关的政策的其他人。 这项研究有助于社会网络分析领域的若干辩论和新出现的专题，例如性别如何影响与生计战略有关的社交网络的发展和使用。 与以往的研究不同，治理的角度使研究充分整合国家和社会网络分析的其他参与者，并评估异质性的影响。 这项研究还有助于一个新兴的主题：社交网络的地理。

SBE-0624325Beth MitchneckUniversity of ArizonaSBE-0624230Joanna RegulskaRutgers University New BrunswickThe number of armed conflicts and the number of refugees, world-wide, has in recent years declined, but the number of internally displaced persons (IDPs) has remained stable and IDPs continue in that status for longer periods of time. While the mobilization of resources and humanitarian assistance has generated several studies (primarily addressing immediate relief needs), the existing research remains under-theorized, suffers from methodological flaws, lacks comparability, and primarily presents an institutional-response perspective. This international and multidisciplinary collaborative project in-volving geographers, sociologists, anthropologists, social psychologists, and women's studies and policy specialists investigates how within the post-conflict context internally displaced persons be-come agents of change by constructing livelihood strategies. It aims to advance scholars' and policy-makers' understandings of human responses to the dramatic effects of social, economic, and territo-rial displacement. The interdisciplinary team will address several broad research questions: 1) In what ways do IDPs and the general population construct social networks and implement livelihood strategies? 2) In what ways do those differ by gender, place, and dwelling type? 3) What are the similarities and differences between the composition of social networks of forced migrants and the general popula-tion? The research in particular focuses on the presence of individuals and groups involved with forced migration management strategies. The research team will analyze the case of a post-socialist society "Georgia" that continues to face an unstable political and economic environment. Three research methods will be employed: narrative interviews, network analysis interviews of both IDPs and non-migrants, and a series of semi-structured interviews with members of governmental and non-governmental agencies tasked with the management of IDPs. The data will be collected in three sites across Georgia--Tbilisi, Samegrelo, and Imereti. The narrative interviews will be subjected to textual analysis and the results of the formal network analysis mapped and tested for significant dif-ferences across the sample.In contrast to the majority of research on IDPs, this study places migrants at the center of the analysis, seeing them as the agents of change. It argues that becoming and being a forced migrant has implications for the ways in which livelihood strategies are produced and utilized. By account-ing for cultural, political, economic, and social factors, the research will develop a new paradigm for understanding the forced migratory process as a political-economic process within the context of transition societies. It will counter existing migration studies that often fall short of capturing the interaction of cultural norms, historical patterns, gender dimensions, economic change, and political instabilities. Further, it will contribute to theoretical debates on the concepts of governance environ-ment and social network analysis in respect to forced migrants. Finally, the investigators hope to de-velop a new methodology for analyzing the geography of social networks by integrating spatial as-pects of everyday practice with the construction of social networks.Broader impacts. The study will produce critical knowledge about IDPs that will be accessible through a website and will be disseminated to governmental and non-governmental organizations, policy-makers, and others who work and formulate policies pertinent to forced migration. The research contributes to several debates and emerging topics in the area of social network analysis such as how gender influences the development and use of social networks related to livelihood strategies. Unlike previous studies, the governance perspective allows the research to integrate fully the state and other participants in the social network analysis and to assess the implications of heterogeneity. The research also contributes to an emerging topic: the geography of social networks.