IPY: Bacterioplankton Ggenomic Adaptations to Antarctic Winter

南极半岛西部正在经历地球上气候变暖速度最快的地区之一，50年来冬季平均气温上升了5摄氏度。对上层营养层的影响是显而易见的，尽管很少有研究考虑到对南大洋浮游细菌的影响。本研究将对冬季浮游细菌的基因组、转录组和蛋白质组进行表征，并发现这些特征（群落组成、基因上调和蛋白质表达）对冬季浮游细菌的生存和生计至关重要。我们已经组建了一个极地海洋生态和基因组学网络，包括与帕尔默LTER的战略合作伙伴关系，英国南极调查局的海洋宏基因组计划，研究北冰洋基因组的美国和加拿大科学家，专门研究古菌蛋白质组学的澳大利亚同事，以及研究亚南极和沿海阿德利陆地海洋浮游细菌的法国同事。本计划的主要目标是：1描述南方冬季和夏季浮游细菌群落的多样性和基因组内容的差异。2. 研究冬季浮游细菌的生长和细胞信号（mRNA和蛋白质表达），以了解生存的特定适应关键。我们的研究结果将从南极延伸到北极——因为连接这两个系统的寒冷、黑暗、碳含量有限的深海有许多共同特征。教育和外展活动针对(1)本科生和研究生，希望包括通过VIMS环境和海洋科学研究多样性（DREAMS）项目招收的少数民族学生；（ii）通过我们与库斯托学会和南极海洋生物普查计划的教育和外展伙伴关系获得广泛的受众。将在http://genex2.dri.edu网站上列出与外部数据库的数据和链接。序列数据将在GenBank和IMG-M数据库中公开访问。

The Western Antarctic Peninsula is experiencing one of the most rapid rates of climate warming on Earth, with an increase of 5degrees C in the mean winter temperature in 50 years. Impacts on upper trophic levels are evident, though there have been few, if any studies that have considered the impacts on bacterioplankton in the Southern Ocean. This proposal will characterize the winter bacterioplankton genome, transcriptome, and proteome and discover those features (community composition, genes up-regulated, and proteins expressed) that are essential to winter bacterioplankton survival and livelihood. We have assembled a polar ocean ecology and genomics network including strategic partnerships with Palmer LTER, the British Antarctic Survey's ocean metagenome program, US and Canadian scientists studying the Arctic Ocean genome, an Australian colleague who specialized in archaeal proteomics, and French colleagues studying Sub-Antarctic and Coastal Adelie Land marine bacterioplankton. The primary objectives of this program are: 1 Describe the differences in diversity and genomic content between austral winter and summer bacterioplankton communities. 2. Investigate the winter-time bacterioplankton growth and cellular signals (mRNA and proteins expressed) in order to understand the specific adaptations key to survival. Our results will extend from the Antarctic to the Arctic - as the cold, dark, carbon-limited deep seas linking these two systems have many common features. Education and outreach activities target (i) undergraduate and graduate students, hopefully including minority students recruited through the Diversity in Research in Environmental and Marine Sciences (DREAMS) Program at VIMS; (ii) a broad audience with our education and outreach partnerships with The Cousteau Society and with the Census for Antarctic Marine Life program. Data and links to external databases will be listed on the http://genex2.dri.edu website. Sequence data will be publicly accessible in GenBank and IMG-M databases.