SFB 951: Hybrid Inorganic/Organic Systems for Opto-Electronics (HIOS)

在过去的几十年里，精确控制不同材料异质结构形成的能力已经彻底改变了电子和光学技术。然而，解决这些关键技术面临的日益严峻的挑战需要全新的方法。基于这一精神，CRC开展了一项开创性的综合研究计划，将无机/有机混合系统（HIOS）中的三种不同类型的材料结合起来，旨在实现大幅改进和潜在的新型光电功能：无机半导体具有高载流子迁移率，共轭有机分子具有强光-物质耦合，而金属纳米结构在亚波长维度上具有限制和引导光的能力。每个材料类别都可以提供独特的属性，并且它们的合并还没有系统地尝试过。为了充分利用这一潜力，CRC阐明了在HIOS中组合的不同性质的组分所产生的基本化学，电子，光子和等离子体相互作用，并发现了新的杂化量子态及其界面上的耦合激发。与此同时，我们理解了最先进的块状无机半导体在实现与共轭分子的密切耦合方面的局限性。由于无处不在的表面状态和从表面到半导体体的能带弯曲，被动中间层损害了功能。在即将到来的资助期内，我们将利用原子薄的过渡金属二硫族化物单层的极高的表面体积比和强的光物质相互作用，这是在第二个资助期内作为CRC目标的理想无机半导体组件出现的。与以前使用的半导体相比，这些单层具有优越的结构质量和稳定性。事实上，我们现在可以实现仅由活动区域（即界面）组成的HIOS，这提供了以前无法想象的新机会。我们现在着手实现最终的耦合和功能。此外，由于我们获得了纳米厚度、仅接口的HIOS，我们可以释放金属纳米结构的全部潜力，以提高几个数量级的光吸收和发射的等离子体增强。结合我们新一代独特的分子光开关，CRC 951中收集的广泛专业知识使我们能够实现先进的HIOS，这将为无与伦比的纳米级固态器件铺平道路，这是单独使用任何单个材料类都无法实现的。现在，这些超紧凑的设备将具有卓越的功能，如高调制频率光发射和传感，广泛可调谐的量子发射，手性传感，电子和光学多功能，甚至突触和神经元仿真。

The ability to precisely control the formation of heterostructures from different materials has revolutionized electronic and optical technologies during the past decades. However, tackling the increasing challenges faced by these key technologies requires radically new approaches. In this spirit, the CRC has launched a both ground breaking and comprehensive research programme combining three significantly different classes of materials in hybrid inorganic/organic systems (HIOS) with the aim of realizing substantially improved and potentially novel opto-electronic functionalities: inorganic semiconductors feature high charge carrier mobilities, conjugated organic molecules exhibit strong light-matter coupling, while metal nanostructures excel at confining and guiding light at subwavelength dimensions. Each material class can conceivably contribute unique properties, and their merger had not been systematically attempted. For fully harnessing this potential, the CRC elucidated the fundamental chemical, electronic, photonic, and plasmonic interactions arising from the different nature of the components combined in HIOS, and uncovered novel hybridized quantum states and coupled excitations at their interfaces. In hand with this, we comprehended the limitations of state-of-the-art bulk inorganic semiconductors for achieving intimate coupling with conjugated molecules. Due to ubiquitous surface states and band bending from the surface into the semiconductor bulk, a passive interlayer compromises functionality.In the upcoming funding period, we will exploit the extremely high surface-to-volume ratio and strong light-matter interaction of atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers, which emerged during the second funding period as ideal inorganic semiconductor component for the goals of the CRC. These monolayers feature superior structural quality and stability compared to previously used semiconductors. The fact that we can now realise HIOS that are comprised of the active region only, i.e., the interface, provides novel opportunities that were not realistically imaginable before. We now set out to achieve ultimate coupling and functionality. Furthermore, because we have access to nanometre thin, interface-only HIOS we can unleash the full potential of metal nanostructures for plasmonic enhancement of light absorption and emission by several orders of magnitude. Combined with new generations of our unique molecular photoswitches, the extensive know-how gathered within the CRC 951 enables us to realise advanced HIOS that will pave the way for unequalled nanoscale solid-state devices, not achievable with any of the individual material classes alone. Now within reach, these ultra-compact devices will feature superior functionality, such as high modulation frequency light emission and sensing, widely tuneable quantum emission, chirality sensing, electronic and optical multi-functionality, and even synapse and neuron Emulation.