Physical Models for Active and Passive Microwave Remote Sensing of Snow in Greenland Ice Sheets

首席研究人员将开发基于物理的微波散射、发射和吸收模型，用于格陵兰冰盖(GIS)积雪特性的主动和被动微波偏振遥感。这些模型将建立微波特征与地理信息系统雪物理参数之间的定量关系，如粗糙度RMS(均方根)高度、粗糙度谱、粗糙度剖面的方位不对称性、多层结构、雪密度和雪粒尺寸。现有的卫星任务包括QuikScat、SSMI、AMSR和WINDSAT，未来可能的卫星任务包括CoReH2O和CLPP。他们将利用微波相互作用的严格电磁理论建立定量关系。这些将有助于将地理信息系统雪特性的物理参数与地球物理和气候过程的定量描述联系起来。微波相互作用的电磁模型已成功地应用于地雪。然而，这种模型还没有被应用于具有大雪厚、多层结构和由Sastrugi产生的表面粗糙度的方位不对称的明显特征的地理信息系统。他们将开发包含这些功能的电磁模型。他们将研究具有方位不对称性的随机粗糙表面散射，雪粒引起的体积散射，以及多层膜引起的反射。首席调查员将把物理参数的地面实况测量纳入微波模型。微波模型将应用于QuikScat、SSMI、AMSR和WINDSAT卫星数据。他们将特别强调WINDSAT数据。智力优势：首席研究人员将开发电磁模型，将微波信号与格陵兰雪的物理参数，如粗糙度、分层、雪粒大小和方位不对称等定量地联系起来。对这些物理参数的了解有助于在格陵兰的地球物理和气候过程模型中使用微波遥感特征。通风影响升华速率和水蒸气传输，而升华速率和水蒸气传输在晶体变化的微观过程和质量损失和物种再分布的宏观效应中起着关键作用。将微波信号与雪粒大小进行定量关联可以量化通风的影响。更广泛的影响：。地球监测研究是一项持续不断的动态努力，需要年轻一代的学生、科学家和工程师参与。我们的研究将有助于教育和培训参与这项拟议工作的学生熟悉遥感和地球科学应用。在更广泛的电磁理论背景下，以前没有人研究过分层和方位不对称情况下电磁波的体和面联合散射的多次散射。因此，电磁理论对这类问题的研究成果可以应用于其他地学和工程领域。

ABSTRACTTsangOPP-0713863The Principal Investigators will develop physically based microwave scattering, emission, and absorption models that are useful for active and passive microwave polarimetric remote sensing of the snow properties of the Greenland ice sheet (GIS). The models will establish the quantitative relations between the microwave signatures and the physical parameters of the snow of GIS such as roughness rms (root mean square) height, spectrum of roughness, azimuthal asymmetry of roughness profiles, multilayering structures, snow densities and snow grain sizes. The existing satellite missions include QuikScat, SSMI, AMSR and WINDSAT and future possible satellite missions include CoReH2O and CLPP. They will develop quantitative relations by using rigorous electromagnetic theory of microwave interactions. These will be useful to relate quantitatively the physical parameters of the snow properties of the GIS to the quantitative descriptions of the geophysical and climate processes. The electromagnetic models of microwave interactions have been successfully applied to terrestrial snow. However, such models have not been applied to the GIS that have distinct features of large snow thicknesses, multilayering structures and azimuthal asymmetry of surface roughness created by sastrugi. They will develop electromagnetic models that incorporate these features. They will study random rough surface scattering that have azimuthal asymmetry, volume scattering due to snow grains, and reflections due to multilayering. The Principal Investigators will incorporate ground truth measurements of physical parameters in the microwave models. The microwave models will be applied to QuikScat, SSMI, AMSR and WINDSAT satellite data. They will particularly emphasize on WINDSAT data.Intellectual Merit : The Principal Investigators will develop electromagnetic models that relate the microwave signatures quantitatively to physical parameters of snow in Greenland such as roughness, layering, snow grain sizes and azimuthal asymmetry. The knowledge of such physical parameters facilitates the use of microwave remote sensing signatures in models of geophysical and climate processes in Greenland. The ventilation affects the sublimation rate and vapor transport that play key roles in microscopic processes of crystal change and macroscopic effects of mass loss and species redistribution. Quantitatively relating the microwave signatures to snow grain sizes can quantity such effects of ventilation. Broader Impacts:. The earth monitoring research is an on-going dynamic endeavor that requires participation of younger generation of students, scientists, and engineers. Our research will help educate and train students that participate in this proposed work to become familiar with remote sensing, and earth science applications. In the broader context of electromagnetic theory, the multiple scattering of electromagnetic waves of combined volume and surface scattering in the presence of layering and azimuthal asymmetry have not been studied before. Thus the results of electromagnetic theory for such problems can be used in other geoscience and engineering applications.