CT-ER: Privacy Assurance in Location-Based Services: Integrating Economic Exchange and Social Justice Perspectives

CT-ER：基于位置的服务中的隐私保障：整合经济交换和社会正义的角度无线计算和通信的最新进展导致了基于位置的服务(LBS)的激增。虽然LBS为用户提供了在移动中访问网络服务的灵活性，但潜在的隐私侵犯已成为一个有争议的问题，因为LBS提供商可以获得用户身份、移动和行为的详细信息。本研究借鉴经济交换和社会公平理论，通过考察可以缓解用户隐私担忧的关键机制来解决隐私问题。建立了一个理论框架，将三种隐私保障机制(技术控制、行业自律和政府立法)与个人隐私决策过程联系起来。此外，由于个人隐私决策通常是动态的、特定于背景的和文化相关的，本研究分两个阶段在三个不同的社会背景和两个不同文化的国家(新加坡和美国)进行了研究。这项研究是新颖的，因为现有的隐私研究没有研究LBS背景下一系列复杂的相互关联的问题。通过理论和实证研究相结合的努力，有助于更好地理解信息隐私的动态和辩证性质。这些发现将对解决围绕技术、行业自律和立法在承担确保个人隐私责任方面的作用的争议产生更广泛的影响。此外，与隐私保障相关的社会和技术问题之间的相互作用将成为宾夕法尼亚州立大学安全和风险分析新专业的一些教育倡议的主题。

CT-ER: Privacy Assurance in Location-Based Services: Integrating Economic Exchange and Social Justice PerspectivesRecent advances in wireless computing and communication have led to the proliferation of location-based services (LBS). While LBS offer users the flexibility of accessing network services on the move, potential privacy violations have emerged as a contentious issue because details of user identities, movements and behaviors are available to LBS providers. Drawing on the economic exchange and social justice theories, this research addresses privacy issues by examining key mechanisms that can alleviate users' privacy concerns. A theoretical framework is developed to link three privacy assurance mechanisms (technology control, industry self-regulation, and government legislation) to the individual privacy decision making process. In addition, as the individual privacy decision making is usually dynamic, context-specific and culture-dependent, two-stage studies are performed to test the research model in three different social contexts and in two countries with different cultures (Singapore and United States). This research is novel to the extent that existing privacy research has not examined the complex set of inter-related issues in the LBS context. It contributes to a better understanding of the dynamic and dialectic nature of information privacy through a combination of theoretical and empirical research efforts. The findings will have a broader impact in addressing the controversy surrounding the role of technology, industry self-regulation and legislation in bearing the responsibility of assuring individual privacy. Moreover, the interplay between social and technological issues associated with the privacy assurance will be the subject of a number of educational initiatives for Penn State's new major in Security and Risk Analysis.