International Research Fellowship Program: Advancing the Understanding of Basaltic Volcanic Ash

国际研究奖学金计划使美国科学家和工程师能够在国外进行9到24个月的研究。 该计划的奖项提供了联合研究的机会，以及使用独特或互补的设施，专业知识和国外的实验条件。Lautze与意大利罗马国家地质和火山研究所的Jacopo Taddeucci博士合作15个月，与夏威夷大学的布鲁斯霍顿博士合作8个月。该项目旨在提供对玄武岩火山灰的起源、破碎和喷出的理解。 火山灰的沉降物可以说是所有自然灾害中最广泛的，有可能在国际范围内影响气候、农作物、供水和航空旅行。该项目包括分析从单一的，观察到的爆炸斯特龙博利火山（意大利），并在罗马模拟实验的性能灰样品？实验地球物理学和火山学实验室。将从2002年实地工作期间收集的每一次爆炸的约80个独特的火山灰样本以及随后几年使用机动滑翔机收集的每一次爆炸样本中获得结构和化学数据。 这些是最？精确？火山灰样本 将这些样品中的灰与受控破碎实验中产生的颗粒进行比较，可以深入了解灰颗粒的起源。 该项目解决的问题，如，a）在玄武岩爆炸过程中产生灰颗粒的主要过程，和B）在何种程度上可以使用灰颗粒的特征作为爆炸动力学的代理？ 对这些问题的深入了解将使人们能够更广泛地了解世界各地过去和未来产生火山灰的火山爆发。

0754423LautzeThe International Research Fellowship Program enables U.S. scientists and engineers to conduct nine to twenty-four months of research abroad. The program's awards provide opportunities for joint research, and the use of unique or complementary facilities, expertise and experimental conditions abroad.This award will support a twenty-four month research fellowship by Dr. Nicole C. Lautze to work with Dr. Jacopo Taddeucci at the Instituto Nazionale de Geofisica e Volcanologia in Rome, Italy for fifteen months, and with Dr. Bruce Houghton at the University of Hawaii for eight months.This project aims to provide understanding of the origin, fragmentation, and ejection of basaltic volcanic ash. Fallout of volcanic ash is arguably the most widespread of all natural hazards, having the potential to affect climate, crops, water supply and air travel on international scales. This project incorporates analysis of ash samples from single, observed explosions at Stromboli volcano (Italy), and performance of analogue experiments in Rome?s Experimental Geophysics and Volcanology Laboratory. Textural and chemical data will be gained on ~80 unique ash samples each from an individual explosion collected during fieldwork in 2002, and individual explosion samples collected using a motorized glider in subsequent years. These are among the most ?precise? ash samples ever collected. Comparison of ash in these samples with particles created in controlled-fragmentation experiments provides insight into the origin of ash particles. This project addresses questions such as, a) which are the main processes that generate ash particles during basaltic explosions, and b) to what extent can features of ash particles be used as a proxy for explosion dynamics? Insight into such questions will enable a broader understanding of past and future ash-generating eruptions worldwide.