Search for Physics Beyond Standard Model at LHC

粒子物理学的标准模型已经非常成功地预测了弱、电磁和强相互作用如何达到目前加速器所能达到的能量（芝加哥费米实验室的Tevatron为1 TeV）。然而，许多基本问题在标准模型中没有得到解决，标准模型没有考虑到自旋为1/2的最轻粒子中微子的质量很小这一事实。解释存在的一些谜题的两种候选方法是通过使用标准模型的超对称扩展将粒子数量加倍来扩展标准模型，即在每个1/2个整数自旋的粒子上增加一个整数自旋的粒子。因此，与自旋为1/2的电子相关联的是一个标量粒子（自旋为0），称为选择电子。（这种粒子还没有被发现）。另一种方法是假设我们的世界是高维空间中的低维表面（或膜）。这个由两个小组提出的建议，一个在由Qaisir Shafi领导的Bartol研究所，另一个在开罗的英国大学理论物理中心，S. Khalil博士，是为了让每个机构的四名科学家每年访问另一个机构，以促进他们在大型强子对撞机相关物理学方面的合作研究。作为合作的进一步“粘合剂”，建议在理论物理中心聘请一名博士后全职从事拟议的项目。这两个团队将研究标准模型的两种扩展类型。这项调查非常重要，因为明年在瑞士日内瓦的欧洲核子研究中心，大型强子对撞机（LHC）将开始运行，并有望发现新的现象，从而表明标准模型的扩展应该是什么。获取最高能量的其他方法来自对宇宙背景辐射的天体物理学观察，以及通过理解标准模型扩展的宇宙学含义。更具体地说，这组科学家打算在天体物理观测和宇宙学意义上研究SM的超对称扩展及其在对撞机上的潜在特征。他们特别想研究的问题是，与SM图像相比，超对称是否能显著地改变b衰变中的CP不对称。他们还计划对SM规范对称的最小扩展进行完整的分析，以适应中微子风味振荡现象，这已经被许多实验证实。这有很多更广泛的含义。交换学生对学生来说将是一次极好的跨文化体验。在不同文化背景下受训的科学家通常有不同的解决问题的方法。在埃及培训一名年轻的博士后，他将与相关的美国科学家密切互动，这将加强对此人的培训，并加强埃及的高能物理研究。Bartol的物理学家和理论物理中心之间的合作在过去是非常富有成效的，它的继续将对该领域的进步非常富有成效。该项目得到了美国-埃及科学技术联合委员会的支持，该委员会为美国和埃及双方的合作提供资金。

The standard model of particle physics has been very successful in predicting how weak, electromagnetic and strong interactions behave up to energies so far accessible at present accelerators (1 TeV at the Tevatron at Fermilab in Chicago). However many fundamental questions are not addressed in the standard model and the standard model does not incorporate the fact that the neutrino, the lightest particle of spin 1/2, has a small mass. Two candidates for explaining some of the puzzles that exist are extending the standard model by doubling the number of particles via using a Supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model, which adds a particle of integer spin to every particle of 1/2 integer spin. Thus associated with the electron, which has spin 1/2, would be a scalar particle (0 spin) called the selectron. (This particle has not yet been found). Another approach is to assume our world is a lower dimensional surface (or membrane) in a higher dimensional space. This proposal by two groups, one at the Bartol Research Institute led by Qaisir Shafi and one at the Center for Theoretical Physics at the British University in Cairo, Dr. S. Khalil is to enable four Scientists from each institution to visit the other institution each year in order to foster their collaborative research on Large Hadron Collider related physics. As further "glue" for the collaboration the proposal is for a Post-doc to be hired at the Center for Theoretical Physics to work full time on the proposed project. The two teams will investigate both types of extensions of the standard model. This investigation is very important because next year at CERN in Geneva Switzerland, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will start operation and will hopefully find new phenomena that will suggest what the extensions of the Standard Model should be. Other ways of accessing the highest energies come from astrophysical observation of the cosmic background radiation, and by understanding the cosmological implications of extensions of the standard model. More specifically, this group of scientists intends to investigate supersymmetric extensions of the SM and their potential signatures at colliders, in Astrophysical observations and cosmological implications. In particular they intend to study the question of whether Supersymmetry can significantly modify the CP asymmetry in B-decays compared to the SM picture. They also plan to perform a complete analysis for the minimal extension of the SM gauge symmetry that can accommodate the phenomenon of neutrino flavor oscillations, which has been confirmed by many experiments. The broader implications of this are many. The exchange of students will be an excellent cross-cultural experience for the students. Scientists trained in different cultures often have different ways of approaching solving a problem. The training of a young post-doc in Egypt who will interact strongly with the American scientists involved will enhance the training of this person and strengthen High Energy Physics research in Egypt. The partnership between the Physicists at Bartol and the Center for theoretical physics has been very fruitful in the past and its continuation would be very fruitful for advances in the field. This project is being supported by the U.S. Egypt Joint Board for Science and Technology which is funding both the U.S. and Egyptian sides of the collaboration.