P2C2: Extend the Record of the Indian Summer Monsoon Variability to the Past 2000 Years with Inter-Annually Resolved Speleothem Isotopic Records from the Core Monzoon Zone of India

提供资金，利用印度核心季风区战略洞穴中石笋的氧同位素组成，建立印度核心季风区降水年际解析替代记录网络。这项研究的最终科学目标是建立过去2000年季风降雨量变化的综合记录，作为全印度降雨量时间序列的古等价物。这将作为评估印度夏季风(ISM)变化的基准，并将其20世纪降水量的变化放在过去2000年的背景下。此外，这项研究产生的季风代理数据集将与过去2000年的仪器和代理数据集进行比较，以检查大西洋年代际振荡(AMO)和厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(ENSO)等大气-海洋耦合模式的可变性。这项研究将有助于提高印度季风在年际到年代际时间尺度上的预测能力。更广泛的影响包括强大的教育指导部分和同样强大的智力部分。该提案支持一所主要以本科生为中心的院校的本科生。修订后的项目包括对高级论文的支持。帮助更好地了解ISM的科学目标本身就是一个重要的科学目标，尤其是因为季风系统直接和间接地影响了这么多人。

Funding is provided to develop a network of inter-annually resolved proxy records of precipitation from the core monsoon zone of India using the oxygen isotope composition of stalagmites from strategically located caves throughout the core monsoon zone of India. The ultimate science goal of the research is to develop a composite record of monsoon rainfall variability of the past 2,000 years as a 'paleo-equivalent' of the All India Rainfall time series. This will serve as a benchmark to assess the variability of the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) and to place its 20th century precipitation variability in the context of the past 2,000 years. Additionally, monsoon proxy data sets resulting from this research will be compared to the instrumental and proxy data sets of last 2,000 years to examine variability in coupled atmosphere-ocean modes such as the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and the El Nino- Southern Oscillation (ENSO). This research will help improve Indian monsoon predictive capabilities on inter-annual to decadal timescales.The broader impacts involve a strong educational mentoring portion and an equally strong intellectual portion. The proposal supports undergraduate students at a primarily undergraduate-centered institution. The revised project includes support for a senior thesis. The science goal of helping to develop a better understanding of the ISM is an important scientific aim in itself but especially since the monsoon system directly and indirectly affects such a large number of people.