Collaborative Research: Effects of Eddies and Waves on the Westward Transport off Central California

该研究的重点是了解中尺度变率和Rossby波在加州海流系统（CCS）中向西传播动能、热量、盐和示踪物[称为西向输送（WT）]的作用。现场观测，遥感观测和数值模拟被用来临近预报中尺度涡变的CCS关闭中央加州和量化相关的WT。我们的目标是了解涡流，射流和波浪以及它们的相互作用如何影响WT，并确定负责这一过程的尺度。WT的参数化方案也将以充分简化的形式开发，以便通过稀疏观测进行验证，并允许生物和气候应用。虽然研究的每个组成部分都有自己的独立目标，但各组成部分以协同方式结合在一起，在模型结果和数据融合的基础上产生所需的临近预报产品。通过区域ROMS（UCLA）与全球SODA嵌套的层次结构进行的模式集成将用于指导构建中尺度和次中尺度感兴趣区域的可靠三维动力学。卫星数据（SST、测高和颜色）、漂流器（WOCE）和地下（Argo和RAFOS）浮标观测以及水文（CTD/VMADCP）数据将用于提供独立于模型的CCS物理描述，并作为独立模型验证的基础。ROMS通过面向特征的方法使用多个指标进行验证，以找到一个可接受的模型配置，用于以最准确的方式再现沿着和跨岸输运。WT特征通过应用于模型结果和数据的相关性和缩放分析进行修订和更新。该项目将有助于了解由副热带东边界上升流系统中的涡旋和波浪引起的向西输送以及气候时间尺度上的跨坡交换。涡旋和波在质量和动量的输送中起着重要作用，从而影响中尺度流的输送、阻力和耗散。由于它们的寿命很长，漩涡和波浪重新分配了边缘附近涌上来的冷水，这也可能影响上覆的大气，从而通过海气相互作用影响天气和气候。一个显着的偏离传统的扩散向西输送需要寻找新类型的参数化的热盐输送占长时间滞后的相关效应。该提案建议和发展这样一个参数化的电报运输模式，这可能是有用的预测生物生产力沿着中央加州海岸和气候应用的海洋模型的背景下。为分析高分辨率海洋模型和观测的输出场，开发了一套数学工具，用于图像分析、相干涡流和波的识别和分类、数据合并、拉格朗日分析和模型数据比较。该项目将涉及研究生和博士后，包括来自海军研究生院（加利福尼亚州蒙特雷）以及蒙特雷地区其他机构的妇女。研究成果将转化为海军研究生院和MLML研究生和本科生课程的教学辅助工具。这些教材还将用于编写研究生一级的海洋科学教科书。还将为海洋科学的最新调查作出贡献。研究结果应与生物生产力、渔业、石油和天然气开采作业以及航行有关。活动将包括向公众、决策者、私营公司和地方政府官员公开交流和介绍情况。

The study focuses on understanding the role of mesoscale variability and Rossby waves in the offshore propagation of kinetic energy, heat, salt and tracers to the west [referred as westward transport (WT)] in the California Current System (CCS). In-situ observations, remote-sensed observations, and numerical modeling are used to nowcast meso-scale eddy variability in the CCS off Central California and to quantify associated WT. The goal is to understand how eddies, jets and waves as well as their interactions affect WT and to determine the scales responsible for this process. Parameterization schemes for WT will also be developed in a form sufficiently simplified to be verified from sparse observations and to permit biological and climate applications. While each component of the study has its own stand-alone objectives, components are combined in a synergistic way to produce the desired nowcast product based on fusion of model results and data. Model integrations through a hierarchy of regional ROMS (UCLA) nested with a global SODA will be used as guidance in constructing reliable three-dimensional dynamics of the region of interest on mesoscale and sub-mesoscale. Satellite data (SST, altimetry and color), drifter (WOCE) and subsurface (Argo and RAFOS) float observations, and hydrographic (CTD/VMADCP) data will be used to provide a physical description of the CCS independent of the model and as a basis for independent model validation. The ROMS is validated through the feature-oriented approach using multiple metrics to find an accepted model configuration for reproduction of along- and across-shore transport in the most accurate manner. WT characteristics are revised and updated through correlation and scaling analyses applied to model results and data. The project will contribute to understanding the westward transport induced by eddies and waves in a subtropical eastern-boundary upwelling system as well as the across slope exchange on climate time scales. Eddies and waves play a major role in the transport of mass and momentum, thus affecting transport, drag, and dissipation in mesoscale flows. Due to their long lifetimes, eddies and waves redistribute the cold water upwelled near the margin that may also affect the overlying atmosphere and hence through air-sea interactions impacting both weather and climate. A significant deviation of the westward transport from conventional diffusion necessitates search for new types of parameterizations for heat and salt transport accounting for long time lag correlation effects. The proposal suggests and develops such a parameterization in context of the telegraph transport model, which may be useful for forecasting biological productivity along the Central California coast and in climate applications of oceanic models. A set of mathematical tools for image analysis, for identification and classification of coherent eddies and waves, data merging, Lagrangian analysis and model-data comparison is developed for the analysis of output fields of high-resolution oceanic models and observations. The project will involve graduate students and post-docs including women from the Naval Postgraduate School (Monterey, CA) as well as other Monterey area institutions. Research results will be converted into teaching aids for graduate and undergraduate courses at the Naval Postgraduate School and MLML. These educational materials will also be used for a graduate-level marine science textbook. Contributions will also be made to state-of-the-art surveys of marine sciences. Results should have relevance for biological productivity, fisheries, oil and gas recovery operations and navigation. Activities will include open communications and presentations to the public, policy-makers, private companies and local government officials.