EFRI-RESIN: Optimization of conjunctive water supply and reuse systems with distributed treatment for high-growth, water-scarce regions

PI姓名：Kevin Lansey机构：亚利桑那大学提案编号：0835930该奖项是竞争的结果，作为研究和创新的新兴前沿（NSF 07-579）征集的一部分，子主题为弹性和可持续的可持续建筑结构（树脂）。 拟议项目将推进工程和科学理解，并将开发综合水和废水基础设施规划的新方法。在接下来的四年里，该项目旨在识别，设计和评估供水/废水处理系统配置的替代方案，在复杂的，竞争的目标和不确定性的存在。每个配置将包括所有主要的输送设施（泵和管道）、储存和水和废水处理设施。替代设施计划将根据三重底线进行评估，包括：（i）经济，（ii）环境和（iii）社会价值。主要的智力创新是建议的方法来优化可持续发展目标函数，体现了三重底线的组成部分代表资本，运营和维护成本;温室气体排放和生态系统水资源分配的消耗;社会和机构对水再利用和分散式废水处理的限制;以及因未能达到系统可持续性和弹性目标而产生的惩罚风险。除了在包容性的努力创新，新的方法将开发双重配水系统的规划和设计，并将开发新的计算算法，以优化所产生的模型。将建立评估社会和机构偏好的框架，从短期来看，评估现有基础设施和再利用方案，从长期来看，评估与联合系统共同发展的社会和机构偏好。多重因素联合收割机结合在一起，增加了水/废水设施规划的复杂性和紧迫性，本项目将解决这一问题：（i）水资源短缺，需要有效和可持续地利用每一种可用的水资源;（ii）人口增加，因此对水的需求增加;（iii）供水和卫生基础设施普遍恶化，其寿命即将结束;（iv）提高了公众对用水质量的认识;（iv）供水目标与其他有时相互竞争的目标相互依存，例如再生水的流水使用和最大限度地减少温室气体排放。由于这些因素，有必要在供需不确定的情况下紧急考虑基础设施系统的可持续性和复原力。简而言之，完全基于工程判断的供水必须转变为在日益复杂的规划环境中运作。 此外，拟议的研究直接解决了最近确定的恢复和改善城市基础设施和废水系统的“国家工程院大挑战”。系统分析工具将产生影响，不仅在亚利桑那州南部的增长走廊，而且由于其通用的方法，全国。它将使规划者能够客观地就可持续的水/废水系统一体化、新废水处理设施的分散化程度、新设施增加的时间和规模以及（在考虑系统扩展的情况下）现有和拟议设施之间的费用分摊作出决定。将这些工具应用于真实的系统，并为分散式双重供水系统的适用性提供指导，将导致改变目前将废水视为处理问题而不是资源的供水模式产生更广泛的影响。我们的方法考虑了一个综合的水和废水基础设施系统，有利于满足不断扩大的水需求，同时积累更低的能耗和成本，减少碳足迹和更好的整体水质的好处。该项目还在许多层面开展了关于水再利用的重要公众认识和教育活动，包括关键机构（例如，图森水公司（Tucson Water）和K-12教育公司。将在AWWARF和WERF会议上举办讲习班。这项工作的创新将发表在同行评审的期刊上，传播给从业人员，并纳入工程和公共政策课程。将努力通过参与项目扩大代表性不足群体在这一领域的作用。

PI name: Kevin LanseyInstitution: University of ArizonaProposal Number: 0835930This award is an outcome of the competition as part of the Emerging Frontiers in Research and Innovation (NSF 07-579) solicitation under the subtopic Resilient and Sustainable Infrastructures (RESIN). The proposed project will advance engineering and scientific understanding and will develop new methods for integrated water and wastewater infrastructure planning. Over the next four years, the project aims to identify, design and evaluate water supply/wastewater treatment system configuration alternatives in the presence of complex, competing objectives and uncertainty. Each configuration will include all major conveyance facilities (pumps and pipes), storage, and treatment facilities for water and wastewater. Alternative facilities plans will be evaluated based on the triple bottom lines consisting of: (i) economic, (ii) environmental, and (iii) social values. The major intellectual innovation is the proposed approach to optimize a sustainability objective function that embodies the triple bottom line with components representing capital, operation, and maintenance costs; greenhouse emissions and depletion of ecosystem water allocations; social and institutional defined limits on water reuse and decentralized wastewater treatment; and risk as penalties arising from failure to meet system sustainability and resilience objectives. In addition to the innovations in the encompassing effort, novel approaches will be developed for dual water distribution system planning and design and new computational algorithms will be developed to optimize the resulting models. Frameworks for assessing social and institutional preferences, in the short-term for existing infrastructure and reuse options and in the long-term as co-evolving with conjunctive systems will be established.Multiple factors combine to increase the complexity and urgency of water/wastewater facilities planning, as addressed by this project: (i) water scarcity and the need for efficient and sustainable use of every available water resource; (ii) increased population and thus, increased demand for water; (iii) general deterioration of water supply and sanitary infrastructures that are reaching the end of their lifecycles; (iv) heightened public awareness of the quality of water consumed; (iv) interdependence of water supply goals and other, sometimes competing objectives such as in-stream uses for reclaimed water and minimization of greenhouse gas emissions. These factors necessitate an urgent consideration of infrastructure system sustainability and resilience in the presence of supply and demand uncertainties. In short, water supply based solely on engineering judgment must be transformed to operate in an increasingly complex planning landscape. Moreover, the proposed research directly addresses the recently identified "National Academy of Engineering Grand Challenge" of restoring and improving urban infrastructure and wastewater systems. The systems analytical tool will generate impact, not only in the southern Arizona growth corridor but also nationally as a result of its generic approach. It will allow planners to objectively approach decisions regarding sustainable water/wastewater systems integration, degree of decentralization of new wastewater treatment facilities, timing and scale of new facility addition, and (where system extension is contemplated) apportionment of costs among existing and proposed facilities. The application of the tools to real systems and generating guidance for the applicability of decentralized dual water supply system will lead to the much broader impact of altering the present water supply paradigm that treats wastewater as a disposal issue rather than a resource. Our approach considers an integrated water and wastewater infrastructure system that is advantageous in meeting expanding water demands while accumulating the benefits of lower energy consumption and cost, a reduced carbon footprint, and better overall water quality. The project also has significant public awareness and education activities on water reuse at many levels, including key institutions (e.g., regional players such as Tucson Water) and K-12 education. Workshops will be held at AWWARF and WERF meetings. Innovations from the work will be published in peer-reviewed journals, disseminated to practitioners, and incorporated into engineering and public policy curriculum. Efforts will be made to expand the role of under-represented groups in this area through project participation.