SFB 973: Priming and Memory of Organismic Responses to Stress

为未来做好准备-如果准备的投资不太昂贵，这个策略可以在迫在眉睫的压力条件下取得成功。生物体已经进化出几种策略，为应对环境压力做好准备。在这些策略中，启动是指通过对环境(警报)提示做出反应来为即将到来的压力做准备。被启动的生物体预计会对随后的压力表现出更好的反应。这种对即将到来的压力的表型调整需要记忆启动线索，如果随后的压力没有立即紧随其后。CRC 973专注于在没有神经系统的有机体中，即细菌、真菌和植物中，启动和记忆对压力的反应。我们将这些有机体暴露在温度压力(项目区A)、虫害(项目区B)和各种应激源(项目区C)下。应激源的广泛范围使我们能够寻找共同的和特定于应激源的启动模式以及记忆机制和效果。CRC973中涉及的生物子学科的紧密合作使我们能够深入了解启动的调控机制和生态，以及有机体对压力的反应记忆。对共同假设的研究和我们共同的、总体的实验设计将把参与项目的不同视角合并为结果的综合图景。在CRC 973第三阶段，我们的目标是证实我们的发现，并深化我们对引爆过程的调控机制和生态复杂性的见解。我们对启动调控机制的研究将解决应激源(UN)特异性(I)通过分析检测到的关键调控因子如何响应不同的应激源，即在反式启动过程中的行为，(Ii)通过建模方法，以及(Iii)通过使用我们共同的数据库PrimeDB进行比较统计分析。除了到目前为止在CRC 973的第一阶段和第二阶段(染色质修饰、转录、翻译后、代谢变化)中研究的启动过程外，我们还将在第三阶段包括通过选择性剪接、核糖体生物发生和翻译进行的调控。我们对引发的生态效应的研究将解决在复杂环境中引发好处的稳健性，在这种环境中，有机体不仅对单一的引发线索和随后的压力做出反应，而且需要应对多个应激源。此外，我们将研究生物体的生活方式特征(如寿命、生殖能力)是否与不同的调控启动过程有关，而不是与记忆的持续时间有关(如第一阶段所建议的)。这将通过比较单细胞藻类物种的引发和种子植物的引发，以及不同植物物种和拟南芥材料的比较来进行研究。

Being well prepared for the future – this strategy leads to successful performance at imminent stressful conditions if the investment in preparation is not too costly. Organisms have evolved several strategies to get ready for coping with environmental stress. Among these strategies, priming refers to preparation for impending stress by responding to an environmental (alarm) cue. The primed organism is expected to show improved responses to subsequent stress. This phenotypic adjustment to impending stress needs memory of the priming cue if a subsequent stress does not immediately follow. CRC 973 focuses on priming and memory of responses to stress in organisms without nervous systems, i.e. in bacteria, fungi and plants. We expose these organisms to temperature stress (project area A), to insect infestation (project area B), and to various stressors (project area C). The broad range of stressors allows us to search for common and stressor-specific patterns of priming and memory mechanisms and effects. The tight co-work of the biological subdisciplines involved in CRC 973 enables us to gain deep insights into the regulatory mechanisms and ecology of priming and memory of organismic responses to stress. Studies of common hypotheses and our common, overarching experimental design will merge the various perspectives of the participating projects into a comprehensive picture of results. In CRC 973 phase III, we aim to corroborate our findings and to deepen our insights in the regulatory mechanisms and ecological complexity of priming processes. Our studies on the regulatory mechanisms of priming will address stressor (un)specificity (i) by analysing how the detected key regulators behave in response to different stressors, i.e. in trans-priming processes, (ii) by modelling approaches, and (iii) by comparative statistical analyses using our common database, PrimeDB. In addition to the priming processes studied so far in phase I and II of CRC 973 (chromatin modifications, transcriptional, posttranslational, metabolic changes), we will include in phase III also the regulation by alternative splicing, ribosome biogenesis and translation. Our studies on the ecological effects of priming will address the robustness of the benefits of priming in a complex environment, where organisms do not only respond to a single priming cue and subsequent stress, but need to cope with multiple stressors. Furthermore, we will investigate whether life style traits of organisms (e.g. longevity, reproductive capacity) can be linked to distinct regulatory priming processes rather than to the duration of memory (as suggested in phase I). This will be investigated by comparing priming in a unicellular algal species with priming in seed plants and by comparisons across various plant species and Arabidopsis thaliana accessions.