CAREER: Cloud and Fog Processing of Organic Matter

该奖项是根据2009年美国复苏和再投资法案（公法111-5）资助的。该项目将调查云/雾系统中有机物的命运。 首先，雾和云对颗粒有机物的清除效率将基于简单的可测量的量（如云液态水含量和/或水溶性有机碳分数）来确定和参数化。 其次，将进行产品和动力学研究，以评估液滴内导致形成二次有机气溶胶物质的反应的可能性。 第三，选择有机物种，即亚硝胺的均相水相化学将进行研究。 这些可以在夜间形成云。在白天，它们通过云的光解作用被消灭。 形成和破坏动力学将在实验室实验中进行研究。 将根据田间试验对苯、甲苯、二甲苯和二甲苯（BTEX）以及亚硝胺的结果进行评价。 这包括云系中目标物种的划分，以及母体和子代物种的浓度。 实地工作的结果将用于指导实验室实验，并确定数据中的任何差距。 最后，该项目将涉及多个常规云测量站点，并辅之以在美国各地各种环境中进行的密集的短期实地研究，该项目将通过教育课程模块向K-12学生提供有关云的形成及其在水循环中的作用、对空气污染的影响以及在气候过程中的作用的知识。 这将以适合适当年龄的课堂演示为特色。 亚利桑那州立大学（ASU）的研究生研究助理和首席研究员将与亚利桑那州立大学的“科学是乐趣”项目合作创建这些模块。 该计划是一个完善的计划，传播广泛的主题，以整个亚利桑那州的数千名儿童的教学模块。 一个网络界面将允许学生和公众检查我们的实地实验的最新状态，包括来自网络摄像头的真实的时间图像，云事件的电影，化学成分数据。 此外，本科大学机构将是实现该项目科学目标的关键参与者。 大多数常规环境采样将依赖于不同地点的非博士授予机构的合作。 来自这些机构的学生和教师对于通过云样本的实地采样成功完成研究目标至关重要。 这些本科生将在亚利桑那州立大学通过实习参与样品分析。 亚利桑那州立大学的本科生也将有同样的选择，特别注意通过少数民族外展计划招聘。 研究和推广活动的结果将有利于PI在环境化学方面的课堂教学：研究生积极参与研究和推广活动将有助于培养下一代教师-科学家。

This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5).This project will investigate the fate of organic matter in a cloud/fog system. First, scavenging efficiencies of particulate organic matter by fogs and clouds will be determined and parameterized based on simple measurable quantities like cloud liquid water content and/or water soluble organic carbon fraction. Second, product and kinetic studies will be conducted to evaluate the potential for reactions within droplets that lead to the formation of secondary organic aerosol matter. Third, the homogeneous aqueous phase chemistry of selected organic species, namely, nitrosamines will be investigated. These can form in clouds during the nighttime. During the day, they are eliminated by cloud photolysis. Both formation and destruction kinetics will be studied in laboratory experiments. The results on benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) and nitrosamines will be evaluated against field experiments. This includes the partitioning of the target species in the cloud system, as well as, the concentrations of parent and daughter species. Results of the field work will be used to guide laboratory experiments, and identify any gaps in data. Finally, the project will involve multiple, routine cloud measurement sites complemented by intensive, short-term field studies in a variety of environments throughout the United States.This project will reach out to K-12 students through educational class modules that teach about the formation of clouds and their role in the water cycle, their impact on air pollution and their role in climate processes. This will feature classroom demonstrations adapted to for the appropriate ages. Arizona State University (ASU) graduate research assistants and the Principal Investigator will create these modules in cooperation with the Science is Fun program at ASU. This program is a well established program that disseminates instructional modules on a broad range of topics to thousands of children throughout Arizona. A web-interface will allow students and the general public to check on the latest status of our field experiments including real time images from web cameras, movies of cloud events, chemical composition data. Furthermore, undergraduate university institutions will be critical participants in achieving this project's scientific goals. Most of the routine environmental sampling will rely on the cooperation of non-PhD granting institutions at different locales. Students and faculty from these institutions will be crucial to the successful completion of the research goals through field sampling of cloud samples. These undergraduate students will be hosted at ASU to participate in sample analysis through internships. The same options will be made available to ASU undergraduate students, with particular attention given to recruiting through minority outreach programs. Results from the research and outreach activities will benefit the PI's classroom instruction in environmental chemistry: the active involvement of the graduate students in both research and outreach will help train the next generation of teacher-scientists.