The International Cooperative Biodiversity Groups

本提案是为了继续支持由美国国立卫生研究院福格蒂国际中心领导的一个重要的跨部门资助项目。自1993年以来，美国国立卫生研究院（NIH）和美国国家科学基金会（NSF）共同支持国际生物多样性合作小组，通过发现和开发治疗发展中国家和发达国家重要疾病的药物，解决生物多样性保护、经济能力和人类健康等相互依存的问题。目前NIH和NSF的其他合作伙伴包括美国农业部和能源部（分别为USDA和DOE）。获取遗传资源和与东道国利益攸关方和参与者分享惠益的创新和综合方法是整个计划的重要组成部分。特别鼓励研究海洋珊瑚礁生物、内生真菌、嗜极细菌和其他知之甚少的群体的项目。以下贯穿各领域的办法指导为实现这些目标而进行的研究和能力建设工作：a)协助发现和开发满足参与的发展中国家和美国优先保健需要的药物；B)协助研究其他以天然产品为基础的材料，如当地使用的植物药物；C)编制本地物种的生物清单，并在相关情况下编制本地知识清单；D)为实现该项目的研究目标和满足参与国的需要而进行的培训；e)加强东道国的科学基础设施。ICBG计划的广泛影响是其设计和执行的核心。除了通过传统的学术渠道传播科学成果外，这些项目还广泛联系东道国支持研究、保护和教育的组织以及制定遗传资源获取政策的组织。对发展中国家科学家的研究培训是每个项目的必要组成部分，在互联网上发布来自保护公园的动植物数据也是如此。最后，这些项目的一个中心目标是鉴定将被开发成治疗全球重要疾病的药物的分子。

This proposal is for continued NSF support for an important interagency grants program led by the Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Health. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the National Science Foundation (NSF) have, since 1993, jointly supported International Cooperative Biodiversity Groups to address the interdependent issues of biodiversity conservation, economic capacity, and human health through discovery and development of therapeutic agents for diseases of importance in developing countries as well as those important to developed countries. Other current partners with NIH and NSF include the U.S. Departments of Agriculture and Energy (USDA and DOE, respectively). Innovative and integrated approaches to access genetic resources and benefit-sharing with host country stakeholders and participants is an important component of the overall program. Projects that work on marine coral reef organisms, endophytic fungi, extremophilic bacteria and other poorly understood groups are particularly encouraged. The following cross-cutting approaches guide the research and capacity-building efforts toward these goals: a) assisting with the discovery and development of drugs that address priority health needs of the participating developing country(ies) and of the United States; b) assisting with research on other natural products-based materials, such as locally used botanical medicines; c) developing biological inventories of native species and, where relevant, indigenous knowledge; d) training targeted toward achieving the research goals of this program and meeting the needs of the participating country; and, e) enhancing the scientific infrastructure within the host country. The broader impacts of the ICBG program are central to its design and execution. In addition to dissemination of the scientific results in traditional academic channels, the projects engage in extensive outreach to host country organizations that support research, conservation and education and those that make policy on access to genetic resources. Research training of developing country scientists is a required component of each project, as is the Internet posting of flora and fauna data from conservation parks. Finally, a central goal of the projects is the identification of molecules that will be developed into drugs to treat globally important diseases.