Collapse of the Submarine South Flank of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: Constraints from GPS-Acoustic Data

海洋岛屿火山侧翼的坍塌会造成几种重大的危险，包括地震和海啸。基拉韦厄的南翼是目前活跃的火山塌陷特征。有证据表明，基拉韦厄的南翼正在迅速向海移动，伴随着大地震和/或海啸的风险。 除了明显需要了解和监测这种潜在的危险外，基拉韦厄还是研究坍塌过程力学的天然实验室。正在形成的基拉韦厄地震过程模型受到陆上全球定位系统测量结果、近海地震剖面图和全球定位系统声学方法测量的海底垂直变形的制约。然而，水平运动没有得到很好的约束。该项目将通过使用新方法来提供额外的限制，使用前几年收集的GPS声学数据来估计水平运动。新的处理方法预计将产生0.7至2.2厘米/年的水平分辨率。良好的水平位移将被用来测试和完善模型的崩溃过程。就更广泛的影响而言，这项工作对基拉韦厄这一侧和其他类似地点的不稳定性所产生的重大风险具有明显的影响和适用性。改进GPS声学方法也将有助于这项工作产生更广泛的影响，培训一名年轻科学家也是如此。

Collapse of the flanks of ocean island volcanoes poses several significant hazards, including earthquakes and tsunamis. The south flank of Kilauea is a currently active volcanic collapse feature. There is evidence that Kilauea's south flank is rapidly moving seaward, with attendant risk of large earthquakes and/or tsunami. In addition to the obvious need to understand and monitor this potential hazard, Kilauea is a natural laboratory for studying the mechanics of the collapse process. The emerging model of the process at Kilauea is constrained by onshore GPS (Global Positioning System) measurements, offshore seismic profiles and vertical deformation of the seafloor measured by GPS-Acoustic methods. However, horizontal motions are not well constrained. This project will provide additional constraints by using new methods to estimate horizontal motions using GPS-Acoustic data collected in previous years. New processing approaches are expected yield horizontal resolutions of 0.7 to 2.2 cm/yr. Well resolved horizontal displacements will be used to test and refine models of the collapse process. In terms of broader impacts this work has obvious implications and application to the significant risks that arise from the instability of this flank of Kilauea and similar sites elsewhere. Improving GPS-Acoustic methods will also contribute the broader impacts of this work, as will training a young scientist.